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UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEMS
AGAINST GRADUATES OF HIGHER INSTITUTIONS
ABSTRACT
In this research, it is assumed that unemployment is a factor
inherent in the nation’s economic system, first because intentionally or
unintentionally the policy-makers do not deliberately resort to measures
capable of reducing unemployment to acceptable level. This research is
concerned with wages and means of denitrifying the causes and measures of
curbing the problem created by unemployment. To do this, this research will
specifically investigate the incidence if unemployment among graduates of
institution of higher learning in Enugu State and to determine what factors are
responsible for or that affect unemployment. The researcher distributed (200)
two hundred questionnaires to the respondent and collected (170) one hundred
and seventy. Data were collected from unemployed graduates the data extracted
from the questionnaire from the validation of research hypothesis were
subjected to chi-square test statistics. And at the end of the research work,
some possible recommendation where made like, establishment of more industries
should be provided in order to absorb our unemployed graduates and conclusion
were made in order to tackle the problems of unemployment amongst the graduates
of higher institution in Enugu State.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
This chapter provides a broad overview of the employment
situation in graduate s which is a major concern of government and their social
partner throughout the region. Theapproach is rather general and highlights
major issues concerning employment problems and prospects in the region.
Because of data limitation, it does not attempt a comprehensive and
quantitative analysis of the employment situation. it brings with an
examination of the employment problems, including background information on its
origin and trends, and then looks at the nature and underlying causes of contemporary
unemployment. Unemployment of a large portion of the labor force is a central
problem now in almost all the underdeveloped countries.
The phenomenon of chronic unemployment has become the major
concern of successive Nigerian government. The phenomenon of joblessness
creates much concern for the individual Nigerians. According to the 1966 - 67
manpower surveys in Nigeria, the proportion of the labour force in Nigeria not
working is 1 - 7 percent, which means that nearly two of every one hundred member
of the potential labor are unemployed.
Unemployment has thus reached such an alarming situation
today that is perhaps considered the most serious of the problem affecting
Nigeria and one that is steadily worsening as the gap between the rapid rising
member pressing for work and the new employment opportunities being created
widens.
In the underdeveloped countries such as Nigeria however
employment benefits are not available to the unemployed. the income level of
the great majority of families makes the provision of unemployment benefits
virtually impossible thus those unable to find jobs or these discharged from
their previous employments re left to fend for themselves. in under developed
countries majority of job seekers are therefore forced to create
employment for themselves particularly in the rural
agricultural sectors where they force disguised unemployment. in the context of
this study both those who are disguised unemployment. in the context of this
study both those who are disguisedly unemployed and those who are openly
unemployed are lumped together as the unemployed.
thus unemployment is define briefly as the negative aspect of
the economic process for an unemployed person is one who despite his
willingness and capacity to work is unable to do so for reasons inherent in the
organization of the commodity production.
1.2 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PPROBLEMS
Unemployment rates are particularly high among graduate and
especially among school leaves, giving rise increasingly to the problems of
"educated unemployment". paradoxically, graduate unemployment seems
to be correlated with levels of education attained in some cases. This is
particularly true for school leavers in, for example, Nigeria where the
proportion of the unemployed with secondary education increased from 24 to 51
percent
11
between 1974 and 1985. graduate employment rates are probably
3 - 4 times higher than those of older workers, and in many countries in the
region open unemployment among graduate as a group in the labour could be as 40
- 50 percent.
Moreover, graduate s and new entrants to the labour force are
as well placed as experienced workers to find employment in new opportunities
or to go into self employment. Theproblems of graduate unemployment reflect the
contraction of jobs in the modern sector and declining rate of job creation in
that sector. It also suggests serious labour market distortions related to the
development and utilization of human resources in the context
of changing economic circumstances. further, the problem of
graduate unemployment islinked to the fact of many African countries, as
already noted, continue to record relatively high rates of population growth,
and the population structure of some of those countries is overwhelmingly young
will children of school going age accounting for as much as half of the total
population in some cases.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
Unemployment has become a current and a current universal
problem in Nigeria. The impact presently has been felt by 80% of Nigerian's
families. The efforts of our government to curb it are inadequate or
misdirected, so positive results are not yet in sight.
Unemployment has brought hardship and object poverty to many
families. The level of adult dependency has increased, so the rate of saving in
our economy is declining. The problem has also led to increase in crime waves
and rates. All these could spell doom for the nation. It is deemed fit to
embark on this study as a contribution towards the eradication of the problems
of unemployment and its accompanying problems and hardship to the individual
and in general.
Our primary motive of carrying out this study were born of
the desire to contribute in any meaningful way the idea of how the glowing rate
of unemployment in Nigeria can be dealt with in order to reduce its social and
other consequences especially on our leaders of tomorrow to at least a minimum.
The roles of government to assist people see the need of
solving their numerous problems of which unemployment is an integral part.
Asgraduate s generally regarded, as catalyst of national development are no
longer assumed of job security and reliable source of livelihood.
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