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AN APPRAISAL OF
MULTI-NATIONAL CORPORATION TO THE CONTRIBUTION OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
ABSTRACT
Multinational Corporation is now globally accepted business
firms which have adopted various cultures and take responsibility for her host
community socially. The appraisal of multinational corporation to the
contribution of community development became necessary to evaluate the extend
of exploration carried out by multinational corporations in Nigeria. A review
of related literature was carried out to give the study. The required
theoretical background, available statistics from the natural population
commission indicate that Eket community have an estimate of one thousand six
hundred and ten people (101,610) and the sample size is made up of hundred
respondents (100),the method employed in collecting data was the questionnaire.
(4) Four hypotheses were formulated and tested for the study using simple
percentage (%) statistical method of data analysis, on the basis of the
analyses some findings were recorded as follows: It was discovered that the
multinational corporation rather abuse human right and pollute environment
instead of developing the host community. Following the findings recorded some
useful recommendation were proffered for the resolution of the problems
identified in the study. It suggested that in order to make the people fell
statistical; the firm has to provide much to the needs they want. To also widen
the scope of here social responsibility to provide employment and hasten
community development. It is concluded that is the law of the land is not
properly put into use; Multinational Corporation will not contribute towards
the development of her host community.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:
Multinational Corporation is used by people both in the
business and non business sectors, to some people it means a Fairly big firm
that has about five or six branches in a state, while others see it as a big
firm that has branches in all the states or divisions of a country. According
to Prasad & Shetty, (1976) “Multinational corporations are firms that
operate effectively under different national sovereignties”. They further
stress that multinational corporations are such firms that must cope with wide
variations in economic conditions, different values and cultural systems and wide
geographical separation.
This definition, multinational corporations are large firms
that operate in different parts of the world, but most of the times have one
acclaimed headquarters, situated in a place it was first established. There are
various multinational corporations both in Nigeria and abroad.
However, For the purpose of this research works, the
researcher is using Exxonmobil oil producing Nigeria at Eket, Akwa-Ibom State.
it is of note to
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mention that multinational corporations operating in foreign
hands must respect the tunes and dictates of the host government or face
expropriation. By the nature of their operation, multinational corporations
must cope not only with more complex organizational structure but with far more
elaborate and sensitive
array of environment variables than domestic operations have
these corporations are seen as giants amongst economic entities and primarily
because of their size, economic power, efficiency, stability, dynamism,
flexibility and quite often a technological oligopoly. Elwood (1979), said that
the size and scope of multinational corporations within many developing nations
often bring about significant social changes that disrupt or counteract social
programmes and goals of host government.
Multinational corporations are known for their exploitative
tendencies in developing countries. There has been lots of accusation by
concerned African countries that these corporations are only out to suck dry
the natural and human resources of poor African countries without
correspondingly compensating them or showing appreciation in return. Despite
the fact that these corporations exploit these African countries and realize
huge profits from their business operations, it is difficult for saying they
satisfy the yearnings and aspiration of the communities where they operate in
terms of business social responsibility.
Offlang (1980) asserts that, going by the concept of
imperialism and dependency as characterized by the exploitation of the
developing countries by the west and as manifested by the infiltration of
western capital into poor African countries,
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one can categorically say that the contribution of these
multinational corporations to the community development is not encouraging.
This is evidenced by public out-cry for compensation by
2
Communities where these corporation arc operating due to the
1ct that these communities provide the needed raw materials for that operation.
At times these communities after waiting patiently for these.
corporations to meet their social demands without any response, take the law
into their hands to show Their resentments. It is note to stress that the oil
producing communities are the ones which are supposed to benefit more From
Multinational Corporation involve in oil exploration in such areas. Intact
these oil exploration corporations should provide lots of social amenities like
pipe bore water, electricity, good roads, recreational facilities and host of
others to these communities. The corporation social activities to these
communities should extend to the areas of employment, scholarship and other
incentives.
In further expressing my view on the fact that the oil
producing communities should benefit more from oil exploration multinational
corporations that are operating in such of the pollution and other hazards
caused these communities due to oil drilling. These are cases, which due to oil
spillage a lot of aquatic animals die and the seawater becomes bad and
poisonous thereby causing untold hardship on such communities.
11
1.2. STATEMENTOFTHE PROBLEM
As a result of the hazards and exploitation of multinational
corporations on the communities in which they are operating, it is important
for them to show a serious concern in terms of being socially responsible to
these communities.
However, it is difficult for one to. Say that a particular
corporation
has contributed adequately to the development of a particular
Community because development encompasses many things ranging
from the provision of infrastructural facilities, employment, scholarships and
.a lot more. Communities cry out of neglect, lack of appreciation and
insufficient compensation by corporations that are operating in their areas.
The corporations on their pa refute- this claim by saying
that they have responded adequately to their social needs. The researcher also
notice a problem of disparity between the corporation and the community as to
who have fulfill his promise of providing social infrastructures and economic
benefit (or) whether the community is satisfied with what the corporation has
so far done to the community.
1.3. OBJECTIVEOFTHESTUDY;
The main objective of the research work is to appraise the
contributions of Multinational Corporation towards community development.
11
The specific objectives of the study are:
a. To analyse the difference in opinion between the
corporations and host
Community.
b. To evaluate the level of social responsibility Carried out
by Exxonmobil Oil Producing Nigeria.Plc in Eket.
c. To determine to what extend Exxonmobil have Contributed
towards the
development of Eket.
D To investigate what the corporation has actually done in
the community in
terms of infrastructural growth.
e. To examine the benefit of Exxonmobil to the people of
Eket.
f. To highlight the problems caused to Eket community and
environment due
to the existence of Exxonmobil.
g. A suggestion that Exxonmobil should principally develop
Eket as her host
community.
1.4. SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY
The study focuses on the contribution of Multinational
Corporation to host community when properly articulated, it will be of
tremendous benefit to many interest groups Exxonmobil and the people of Eket
are at variance over the issue of the firms satisfying them infrastructural and
otherwise. The people feel the corporation has not adequately compensated them
and as such their yearnings and aspirations are yet to be satisfied. The study
would be useful to engender efficient and effective human relation among stall
ci the corporation and host community, the study will help to discover the
corporation and the people because of the difference in their claims. This
study will be useful to erase the disparity, call for a compromise, and also
counter the possibility of frequent contribution between both parties.
However, the researcher is convinced that not only the people
of Eket, the government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and staff of
Exxonmdbil but also the general leader would find this study valuable. The
research work will be beneficial to researchers and prospective researchers in
the area of the study. It will serve as a guide for future researches.
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