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AN ANALYSIS OF FACTORS
RESPONSIBLE FOR LOW PRODUCTIVITY OF EMPLOYEES IN GOVERNMENT PARASTATALS
ABSTRACT
In the course of this research work, productivity is taken to
mean the relationship between the quantity of good produced to the quantity of
resources used. A more fruitful way to
understand productivity is to consider it a process. Thus Brech (1975), was of the view that
productivity its action can be loosely thought of as the continuing improvement
of the firms management performance in the use of resources and through the
operation it is conducting.
However, for the purpose of this research work the researcher
highlights those factors responsible for low productivity among the Nigerian
workers. The researcher tends to focus
on those mean that will be applied to get workers committed to their work using
effective motivational tools to enhance an increase in the productivity level
of the Nigerian workers while focusing on the public sectors organization,
NEPA, Enugu Zonal Office as the study scope.
If the recommendation, findings are implemented, it will go a long way
in helping the employers of labhour especially NEPA to motivate, encourage her
employee for greater productivity.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Productivity in public organization as well as in the private
sector is simply the relationship between inputs and output. Inputs are
basically resources such as labour, materials and capital. Outputs are such accomplishments as work
done, products distributed or services rendered. Thu in Nigeria, workers have been
experiencing certain problem that has been hindering their productivity level
which has adversely affected Gross domestic product.
The government is trying to see that productivity maintains
an impressive level created the ministry of Labour, Employment and
Productivity, national productivity center etc. in order to help alleviate the
problem of Nigeria workers.
In view of these, one may genuinely ask, why is the Nigeria
workers inherently characterized by low productivity in spite of the government
efforts to improve productivity?
The answer to this disturbing question is difficult but vital
and will be discussed extensively as we proceed into the study. Briefly, we
take a short historical background of NEPA which is a service organization in
the public sector and researcher decided to choose it as a sample to know the
factors responsible for low productivity of employees in government
parastatals.
NEPA – the history of our present day NEPA would be in
complete if the old public work department of government which in 1876
installed the first Generating Set in Lagos is not mentioned.
In 1895, the preliminary investigation and planning were
carried out by the Public Works Department (PWD) in Lagos at a cost of
N3,206,000 and it was under the government of Southern Nigeria in 1896 that the
sum of N12,000 was allocated for the former location of NEPA Headquarter in
Lagos. Mr. T. Poke was the first Chief
Electrical Engineer of this establishment which was known as the Lagos
Electricity supply.
Consequently, in 1929, a meter section was established to
deal with metering of various consumers.
In the establishment of these bodies there was duplicity of function by
the Federal Government. Both agencies
were involved in generating and transmitting electricity one sold to the other
which then sell to the public. The
Federal Government decided to merge the two bodies this was done during the
budget speech of the then, Head of Military Government, Major General Yakubu
Gowon in 1972, he declared that in the interest of affording the nation a well
coordinating system of electricity supply, the ECN and the NDA should merge
into a body to be known as National Electric Power authority (NEPA). Thus by Decree No. 24 of 1972, NEPA was established.
FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR LOW PRODUCTIVITY IN NEPA
Decree No. 24 of 1972, which established NEPA proclaimed that
“it shall be the duty of the authority to develop and maintain an efficient,
co-ordinate and economical system of electricity supply for all parts of the
Federation or as the authority may direct”.
With this, the organization was established to render services which is
in line with aiding management in achieving its objectives and fulfilling its
policies. But there has been certain
factors that has posed as problems hindering the provision of adequate service
to consumers of electricity supply. This
problem can be sub-divided into two major headings, internal and external
factors.
The internal factors are those problems that are contributed
by the staff of the organization within their working environment and also
those spelt out to staff by management.
They are as follows:
I. Lack of
incentives schemes and fringe benefits.
II. Environmental
factors.
III. Inadequate
manpower utilization and training
IV. Lack of good
management practices.
V. Inadequate
motivation
VI. Policies in the
organization concerning disciplinary measures, promotion
etc.
These are faced with workers in the organization depriving
them of the ability to meet up to their customers expectation in service
rendering. We now look into the other
problem that are externally forge against the workers effective supply of
service they are:
i. Low gas pressure and low water level in
the running of the thermal and
hydro power station respectively.
ii.
Indiscriminate bush burning.
iii. Illegal
connections.
iv. Theft and
vandalization of NEPA equipment by unscrupulous persons.
v. Road
construction workers damaging NEPA underground cables.
vi. Careless and
reckless motorists running in NEPA installations, like
transformers.
Sub-stations and even electric poles.
vii. Inadequate
fund for the rehabilitation of old and worn out equipments, or the
procurement of new the need arises.
These were spelt out as what is affecting workers in their
bid to carry out their work effectively, thereby weighing down productivity
increase in their organization.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM
Studies has been carried out in Nigeria regrettably, not much
has been done in the way of solving the problem facing Nigeria workers which
has been detrimental on increased productivity that will in no small way
contribute to the development of a developing nation like Nigeria.
Therefore, this research is aimed at treating those problem
that are particularly facing workers in public organization ranging from the
junior staff to management staff.
In order to foster increased productivity among workers in
Nigeria with the help of the study carried out in the National Electric power
Authority as a guide, will in no small way enable us to find solutions to the
following problems stated below.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF
THE STUDY
The objective of this study is to discover the following:
1. What ways to
be applied to ensure workers commitment to work in order to foster increased
productivity.
2. to investigate
how effective the motivational methods, if any has played any role in the bid
to increase productivity of workers.
3. what should be
done to increase the overall interest of workers to enhanceproductivity.
4. To closely
look at those factors responsible for low productivity of workers.
5. To review the
current operating standards of management and suggest if
possible any other standard that will be of great help in the
task of stepping up productivity.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF
THE STUDY
The result of this research will help to adjust these
problems that militates against productivity of workers in the public sector of
the economy and thus help to improve the image of the course.
The research will provide solution to low productivity
problem to aid increase productivity level of workers which is considered the
highest objective of managers of organization.
The research will as well provide for management the needed sound
background in theory, practice for implementing organizing and controlling of
the affairs of the public sector.
It also will help NEPA Management in dealing with its
productivity problems and serve as research material (secondary data) to future
works that could be related to the study.
1.5 SCOPE
LIMITATION AND DELIMITATION
This research gave much consideration to the problems
associated with low productivity level can be measured.
Certain constraints were encountered in the course of writing
this work among which are time constrains high cost of transportation in
distributing and collecting back questionnaires were not returned while some of
the ones returned were not properly filled, also some respondents even refused
to fill them or failed to answer all aspects of the question.
The interview were conducted to give credence to information,
received from the questionnaires.
The study intends covering a public sector National Electric
Power Authority (NEPA).
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