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EFFECT AND EVALUATION
OF LEADERSHIP STYLES AND ITS EFFICIENCY
ABSTRACT
Emphasis on
leadership style and its effect has been a topic for regular discussion on the
electronic media and newspaper by various government and academicians.
The peace and
unity of the nation and organization is not cordial. It is common to hear of
coups and strike due to leadership style.
Leadership
style are democratic; autocratic and laissez fair leadership style. The
leadership style used organizations tend to shape the behaviour of followers.
Government has in various ways encouraged a good leadership and at the same time frowns at what could be
termed bad leadership style. This is because good leadership style brings about
cordial relationship between the leadership and their followers at the national
level. It increases productivity and for
satisfaction in a organization and overall economy.
The purpose
of this research therefore is to know the effect and evaluation of leadership
styles and its efficiency in some selected organization in Enugu state (Emenite
Nigeria PLC).
Moreso, it is
the intention of the researcher to provide a document which will satisfy the
academic requirement of the Institute of Management and Technology Enugu for
the award of Ordinary National Diploma (OND) and also serve as a guide to
Government and organization that may wish to enjoy good industrial and human
relation.
Furthermore,
the evaluation of leadership style will strive to identify the best style of
leadership that will improve attitude of the followers.
Finally, the
recommendation to both the organization followers and government should
increase their campaign for good leadership style.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDYING
Leadership
means different things to different people. People speak of an authors or
artists leadership in his field, meaning his individual eminence. Others
describe leaders as those who dominate and command people under them. Many yet
believe that anybody in a position of authority bears the title leader.
According to Ordway Tead (1995) leadership is defined as the
activities of influencing people to co-operate towards some goal; which they
come to find desirable. Real leaders are interested on how people can be
brought to work together for a common and efficiently and happily.
Moreso,
leading is the element of management that inputs others to action. (Nkweke Uche
1997) It is one of the essential functions that must be performed by all
supervisors and executives. That is by all who direct the work of other people.
Leading of all the key functions of management, planning, organizing, staffing,
controlling etc is one of the most difficult to understand, acquire and
evaluate. For Centuries schools have been speculating on the nature of leadership,
yet only in recent years have researchers conducted systematic investigation
that yielded useful insights into the dimensions of leadership.
Furthermore,
leadership is an aged area of managerial responsibility that is needed to
develop plan, set objectives that help the organization co-operate in the
future and to meet the demand of the environment as in Emenite Nigeria PLC.
Their leadership is paramount and important for the survival and growth of the
organization; which consequently makes it substantial to fund a brain leader.
As the
organization grows, the expectation on their performance increases as well as
the demand for leadership. The
technical, economical, social and political characteristics of the
organization, brings about conformity need for the innovations, creating and
imagination of a leader. People capable of exercising effective leadership in
the organization are scarce relative to the needs for them. Leadership ability
therefore is a valuable skill and those who posses or have it reap high
rewards.
Leadership is
defined as a process where by one person exerts social influence over members
of a group; it is the ability of individual to influence others to work beyond
ordinary level to achieve a desired goal or objectives. A group of leadership
theorists lead by fred fieldes in their contingency mode of leadership see
leadership as influencing people as that they will strive willingly towards
achieving the group goal. This concept can be encouraged in imply not only
willingness to work, but also willingness and zeal to trust their leader.
Leadership
has effect on the performances of any organization; it affects both follower
attitude and efficiency of the organization. Followers at these level stand to
evaluate their jobs and their organization according to the kind of leadership
behaviour their bosses exhibit for a leader to lead efficiently; he has to
understand his subordinates and the situation in the organization. The solution
variable which influence the efficiency of a given leadership style is
characterized by the follower and the task, organization climate power
available to the leader and follower relationship. The important researches by
Fred Fielders, Koontz Likert and others have helped to uncover the styles and
situational variables stating that a situation in which a leader find himself
determines his leadership style and that group or team work is important for an
efficient leadership.
We can
therefore say that since leadership is the element of management that impels
others to action, the survival of every organization depends on the performance
of its leaders. Thus, the search for a definite solution to problems of
leadership efficiency in an organization and the best possible leadership style
employed to increase the followers moral, has proved to be endless pursuit of
organizational theories. Research findings however, suggest that leadership
efficiency is not depending on the source of power alone but with situational
factors, climate or any particular styles. From the foregoing therefore, the
question is how efficient is the leadership style in bringing about a good
relationship and reaction of followers towards organizational work and
efficiency. It is the aim of this feasibility study to give solution to the
question.
1.2 PROBLEMS
ASSOCIATED WITH THE SUBJECT MATTER
As earlier said that one of the most researched and least
understood variables of management process is that of leadership. For centuries
scholars have been speculating on the motive of leadership.
Thus the research after watching the on going systems in many
organizations with concern towards leadership, the way supervisors handle their
method of supervision in an organization, decided to embark on the work to
examine the style of leadership and how its effects the attitudes of the
followers with a special interest on Emenite Nig. PLC. Located in Enugu State.
The
researcher arrived at the following problems associated with the leadership
styles as practiced in Emenite Nigeria P.L.C. These problems among others
include;
I.
The poor relationship between leaders and subordinates. Very few leaders
in Nigeria carry their followers along with them. The get rich quick syndrom,
political lineage, race, religion etc. do not allow many of the leaders to
carry their subordinates along with them, in their day to day leadership
activities. This problem may result in transfer, demotion or sacking of
qualified subordinates simply because they are not in good terms with them
(leaders).
II.
Quality of Performance: Where tasks are better spelt out the quality of
output or performance can be more easily held responsible for performance than
where task are not. In Nigerian organizations, especially in political
appointments, task structure or quality of performance is not a matter of
concern. What is paramount is interest
protection, some leaders do not even know what they are supposed to be doing
and even when they know, they do not know the extent or deliberately cross
boundaries. This is why many of our public institutions cannot even pay their
salaries from their own treasury.
III.
Problem of exploitative authority: This has posed a problem because many
of our leaders think that if they encourage their subordinates to climb the
organizational ladder, they will be pushed out of the organization, either that
the leader is not there with the right qualification, or that he is there to
protect the owners.
1.3 THE
IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING THE AREA
This research will be of paramount important basically for
groups such as the organization under study i.e. Emenite Nigeria plc, other
related organizations, the readers, future researchers and the researcher
himself. It will help the organization under study as a corrective device after
the areas of deficiency has been highlighted, with regards to their leadership
styles. For related organization such as Emenite Nigeria plc, Sapele with
related problems of leadership position, to be aware of the type or style to
embark on in any situation they are facing. This work will serve as a secondary
data to further research on leadership systems as it concerns any organization.
Finally, this work is of importance to
the researcher in the following ways:
i. It
will enable him to know more about the selected organization i.e. Emenite
Nigeria plc.
ii. It
will help him in finding out the most efficient leadership style so that he
will apply it when he occupies a leadership position in the society.
1.4
DEFINITION OF IMPORTANT TERMS
i.
FEASIBILITY STUDY: This is a project which aims at knowing whether a
scheme can succeed or will be acceptable or not. This nature of project is to
evaluate, thus the objective is to draw conclusion on the basis of a known
criteria.
ii.
MANAGEMENT: This is the employment application of both human and
material resources to achieve the objectives of an organization in the most
economic way.
iii.
ORGANIZATION OBJECTIVES: This is a management term answers the following
questions, what is to be done, who is to do it and the nations that going to
take place? When are the actions going to take place? It also means the goals
of an organization.
iv.
SECONDARY DATA: These are data obtained second hand from published or
recorded sources and used for a purpose different from that of the agency that
initially collected and published the data.
v.
SUBORDINATES: These are people of lower ranks in an organization.
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