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DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY
AS A MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
ABSTRACT
It has been shown that delegation of authority is mostly not
considered at the might time and at the might place in our society. New organization are formed without a depute
attention been paying to the acquisition of the head of delegating art the appropriate. Time this explain why we have
many posts and duties in a new and even old companies revering vacant and undone
The purpose of this study was therefore designed to examine
the importance of delegations of authority and control on the every day life
manager and how it affects his subordinates.
As one of the most success full
business organizaiton in Nigeria Unliever (NIG) PLC Enugu was used as a case
study and to investigate the extent to which effective delegation of authority
could lead to organizational excellence.
The thirteen item of self-structural questionnaire was raised
and validated for fifty eight randomly selected managers of the organization. The chi-square (x2) statistic techniques was
used in the test of hypothesis the major findings include that.
-
Unavailability of information about the capability of the subordinate is
not related to the efficiency at delegation of task by managers.
-
Management willingness to have faith in the ability of subordinates is
related to their efficiency at delegating task to their subordinates
-
There is no relationship between the
efficiency of managers at delegations of task and the feeling of
insecurity by the managers.
-
And finally for effective performance managers requires discharge
satisfactory all alone. They should give delegation of authority a required
probity as the plan capital equipment procurement utilization of financial
materials and market resources. It
becomes necessary to assign some of functions to the subordinates for the
purpose of achieving the goals of the
organization. Constant feedback is also necessary in order to advents costly
mistakes from the subordinate.
Delegation does not relief a manager of his responsibilities not does it
reduce their overall authority in the organizaiton. The essence of all delegated function is to
share the task in order to achieve greater overall efficiency
Also based on this source recommendation were also made which
if properly adhere to would have a positive impact on the organizational
overall effectiveness.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Management is a social process entailing responsibilities for
an effective planning and regulations of operation of an enterprise in
fulfillment of a given purpose on task.
Breach E.F.L (1975)
Management is essentially the process of defecting the
efforts of other people usually subordinators in order to achieve a specific objective it could be said to be
“the art of getting thing done through other people” the basic managerial
functions of directing controlling planning organizing staffing motivating and coordinating all
involve the display of organizational skills administrative task and personal
initiative executive talent and dynamism on the part of the manager.
Delegation is an organizational process that permits the
transfer for authority from a superior to a subordinate the make commitments
use resources to him. No organization can function effectively without
delegation the derision of an organization into units e.g. department involve delegation. Delegation
originate from the fact that no-body can function alone successfully in an
organizaiton.
In essence delegation of
authority means that a subordinate has the power to make decision and
act within explicit limit without checking with the superiors. Delegation
equally involves accountability.
Delegation of
authority is an important administrative
process of getting things done through other by sharing authority (or power)
with them. In any typical organization by top management or any other approved
body.
Delegation is an inescapable process in any organization big
or small private or public. This is because no individual however talented
and accomplished can claim to have
solution to all day-to day problems of the enterprise which he or she is involved in the answer to those problem are best
provided through efficient delegation. This is because these are the days of
specialist. Those specialist usually
specialized in on of organizational
activities namely productive marketing personnel accounting financial and technical activities. Indeed delegation is an attitudes. Of the
mind and way of life of every goal seeking manager.
Delegation of authority enables quick decision to be made at
all levels within the general policy framework laid down by the top
management. It lightens the burden of
key officers in taking routine matters and enables them to concentrate on vital
aspects of planning policy making and overall control thereby ensuring administrative convenience.
According Koontz and O’ Donnel “delegation is the due for efficient
management and it determines how well one manages”
There are different group of people in an organization who
are responsible for activities that contributes to the attainment of
organizational goals. These groups include
top level management and other workers in he organization. The manager gives
some limited resources determine the best way to utilize such resources
optimally in order to activities some specified goals. It is through delegation
of tasks that a manager can get things
done through his subordinates.
Delegation is the act of investing the subordinate with the authority to
make decisions and carry out duties on task for which the manager is held
responsible. He is successful in getting
things done through others is exercising the highest type of leadership.
Without delegation managers action will be confirmed to what he can perform
only.
In delegation task the manager should be able to recognize
the special abilities and limitation of his subordinates. This will help him to know which task to
delegation to whom and why. A wise
manger who has the discretion to decide how many and which task to delegate
should also know whom to delegate certain tasks to.
Finally delegation therefore means the granting of lights to
subordinates to the prescribed areas. As
a result of delegation the subordinates receives authority from his superior at
any time.
The manager who makes
masters the ant of delegating himself in a very good position because he can
effectively discharge his duties. This is because he can have time to focus his
attention on every important issues while those issues which are not very
significant are handled by subordinates.
For effective delegation subordinates must understand the
purpose of delegated function and the objective it intends to achieve. If they are
able to relate this to the accomplishment of the over all company
objectives and their own personal interest their performances is higher.
Duties assigned must be equal to the delegate. Fir there is
an imbalances it results in frustration on the part of the supervisor as he
seeks and fails to obtain the willing co-operation of his peers or
subordinates.
For the employees to whom responsibility to be assigned and
authority delegated must by judiciously selected. Care must be taken to avoid employees who
cannot accept criticism who lack confidence who are not easily motivated.
The best manager is one who knows how much responsibility to delegate
and hoe to be in control at all times.
Constant feedback is necessary in order to avert costly mistakes of the subordinates.
1.2 STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM
The work that any subordinate does in an organization is mostly
the job that he or she has been delegated to do by his or her supervisor in
organizations today have many delegated tasks to perform. So failure by managers can be due to poor or
inefficient delegation. A number of
factors have led to this problems.
a. The
mangers may unconsciously adopt the “indispensable man theory” this means that
he refuse to see that others can do something as well as he can and as such he
regards himself as indispensable in his organization.
b. Unwillingness
to let go of authority this may be due
to the desire to dominate in all that they be due to the desire to dominate in
all that they so. Also it may be due to
the fact that the manager feels he is indispensable to the organizaiton.
c. Unwillingness to take calculated
risks. When a manager does not have faith in the ability of a subordinate and
fee that delegating task to such a subordinate may results in the performance
of such task the manager will tend not to delegate.
d. Unwillingness to give other people’s idea a chance. When innovative idea had been suggested to
the manager he does give such idea a chance even though such ideas will be of
benefits to operations of the
organizaiton.
e. Unwillingness
to establish and use broad control in the case under the manager is unwilling
to establish and use board controls
delegation of task will not be effective.
This is because the managers want to closely monitor the performance of
any task delegated to subordinates.
f.
Lack of knowledge of how to delegate effectively. When a manager does
not know how to delegate for fear that his weakness and short comings will be
exposed in some organization the reaction to the problem has bee the complaint
of those at the lower level of management that they are not being allowed to
use their in genuity and discretion to
make decisions
1.3 PURPOSE OF
THE STUDY
The purpose/ objective of this study is to examine the practice of delegation of authority by
managers and its effect in a typical
liegeman organization with a view
1.
Highlight the strategic importance of delegation
2.
Highlight the problems faced by managers. In delegating effectively.
3. Show how delegation of authority
could be effectively
1.4 SCOPE OF
THE STUDY
Unilever brothers PLC is a well established business and
should be expected to provide fro assignment of work to all positions.
Delegation within the context of such a firm will be with regard to the
authority responsibility and accountability for subordinates.
This in this study we shall be concerned with the degree of
authority responsibility and accountability existing in manger. Subordinate relationship at Unilever Brothers
(NIG) PLC Enugu State
It may not be possible to discover the degree in some area of
the business such as top management level we shall therefore limit the study to
the operating areas of sales and
production. The production activities
which middle level managers will have delegated to them normally will be
scheduling ones. Similarly certain activities that middle managers handle are
recruiting sales prospects and products presentation. These and related activities will also be
studies.
1.5 RESEARCH
HYPOTHESIS
H0 Unavailability
of information about the capabilities of the subordinate is
not related to the efficiency at delegation of tasks by
mangers
H1 Unavailability
of information about the capabilities of the subordinate is
related to efficiency at delegation of tasks by mangers
H0 Manager
willingness to have faith in the ability of subordinates is not
related to their efficiency at delegating tasks to their
subordinate
H1 Manager
willingness to have faith in the ability of subordinates is
related to their efficiency at delegating tasks to their
subordinate
H0 There is no
relationship between the efficiency of managers at
delegation of task the feeling of insecurity by the
managers
H1 There is no
relationship between the efficiency of managers at
delegation of task the feeling of insecurity by the
managers
1.6
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Every organization is normally set up with the goal of
success. The yardstick measuring this
success in a profit making organization will differ from that which will be used to measure the
success in a non-profit making
organization. The achievement of the organizational goals will
depend to a large extend on the efficient and effective performance of the
manager in such organization. Therefore the methods and the strategies
adopted by manager in performing the task are very significant as
this will determine the effectiveness of the manager.
Delegation is tool that when uses by managers can improve
their effectiveness tremendously. As a
matter of fact delegation authority is a
way of life of every manager. Hence the significance of this study cannot be
other emphasized
1.7 LAMINATIONS
OF THE STUDY
For reasons of cost and time the study was limited to the
main factory at Enugu which is also an administrative branch of Unilever
Brothers Nigeria Plc
1.8 DEFINITION
OF IMPORTANT TERMS
EFFECTIVENESS: This
is the ability to bring desired result
EFFICIENCY: The ability
to perform duties well at the least cost it should be noted that efficiency
does not imply effectiveness but effective one must be efficient
RESPONSIBILITY: This
is the duty that any employee is obligated to fulfill while performing the job
the responsibilities are presented by the activities to be performed communed
with the standards for correct performances.
AUTHORITY: The power or right to give orders and make others
obey liability for the way in which obligations are discharged.
STRATEGY: This is the skill in making an affairs it is
also broad plan to achieve a good.
DOMINATE: This is
having control or influence over others by force of character
DELEGATE: This is
appointing and sending a subordinate as
a representative to a meeting or entrusting duties or rights to a subordinate
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