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ECONOMIC EFFECT OF
UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY
ABSTRACT
Going through the present investigation of problem &
prospects of management of unemployment in Nigeria, many finding and results
were made in the service and finance oriented organization.
The result postulated that prospects of management of
unemployment in the Nigerian patterns in the organization which in our act as a
motivational factors to high productivity increasing work performance to
achieve organization goals and objectives.
On the other
hand problem associated with prospects of management of unemployment adopted in
every organization will identify any motivational problem inherited in that
organization. It will further be having big problem which thus intends
negative.
However
effective prospects of management of unemployment is vital in every situation
in the organization.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTIONS
GENERAL BACKGROUND OF UNEMPLOYMENT
According to the Advanced Learners Dictionary, unemployment
is defined as the amount of unused. When a factor of production is not doing
any job we say it is unemployed. In this project we are concerned mainly on the
economic effect of unemployment in the Nigerian Economy in particular. Emphasis
on Labour which is the most important and active factor of production which
simply means, that without Labour all other factors will not be put into
practice then all other factors will not be put into practice. Then all other
factors are regarded as passive factors of production.
Unemployment is a very dangerous phenomenon to an
industrialized economic system. Further primitive communities in Nigeria were
usually self sufficient and had no unemployment problem, though their standard
of living is a very low living. They share the work that had to be done and any
spare time easily enjoyed as leisure. There is still little unemployment in
Nigeria engaged in still little unemployment in Nigeria engaged in the
production of primary products, products, though these communities may suffer a
general reduction in their product, fall in the world market. He often advocate
fro industrialization as a penance to unemployment problem, but in as much as
that is true it is also very important to know that this industrialization
coupled with the division of labour and specialization bring along with them
this virus problem called unemployment to industrial progress, how wonder it
was leading industrialized nation that were the first to introduce schemes of
social security.
The ugly and nerve cracking canker – worm which has right
from time been controlling its disastrous head in the blood stream of the
general populaces of the worlds has been a thing of concern to great
philosopher of economist and socialist of the olden days. This has led them to come up with different ideal theories
and beliefs all in gust to recommend a drug from disastrous disease called
unemployment.
Anyaele (1995 : 214) It stated that unemployment may be
defined as a situation where some people who fall within the age the working
population capable and willing to work, but are unable to obtain a befitting
work to do.
1.2 PEOPLE
ASSOCIATE WITH UNEMPLOYMENT
Anyaele (1995: 214) stated that the problem has become continually
without solution being in sight. It has constituted itself into one of the
worst enemies of populace in this part of the world that the problem
unemployment has been exacerbated by the previous and retrenchments unbridle
rural urban migrants etc.
Unemployment is a great problem associated with both rural
and urban communities of the Nigerian economy. It results to the following
problem to Nigeria.
a) Threat to
Peace: The unemployed constituted available tools for political
trouble-shooters in a country.
b) Escalation of
Crime Rate: An idle mind they say is the devils workshop, and as a result of
this many unemployed youths and able bodied men and women engage themselves in
crime such as armed robbery, prostitution, current trafficking, touting, drug
addiction etc. In order to earn a living.
c) It Causes
Immigration: That is to move from one place to another. This can be rural /
urban or from one country one country to another, which creates vacuum in a
nation march to economic and social development.
d) Reduction in
Investment: The money spent in educating the unemployed and the once spent as
depredates should have been invested in one business or another.
1.3 THE PROBLEM
THAT WILL BE CONCERNED WITH IS HOW
TO CURB RURAL
– URBAN MIGRATION.
Rural / Urban migration is the movement of people from one country side
or villages to cities or town. This Rural / Urban migration is known as push
and factor. Pull factor are those things within urban area while push factor,
while push factor are those condition in the area that camped people to have.
These push pull factor include the following.
Lack of Social Amenities: Where there is no availability of
recreational facilities in the Urban cities, higher education, employment
opportunities, marriage, natural disaster, political reason etc.
1.4 THE IMPORTANCE
OF STUDYING THE AREA (RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION)
The
importance of studying this rural-urban migration is to help reduce the number
of people that will move out of the countryside or the village to cities or
town. To curb this mass movement of people from Rural / Areas, the following
should be done by the federal government of Nigeria.
·
Establishment of industries in the rural areas.
·
Provision of recreational facilities.
·
Improvement of Agricultural system.
·
Establishment of higher institution in the rural areas. This problem of
unemployment to the Nigeria economy is to find a sound solid solution to it
(unemployment) the federal government of the country Nigeria should adopt the
following measures to eradicate this particular problem.
(a) The government should provide sound and
sustainable education and staff developments, because when education is
functional and qualifies it makes the recipient to the independent in thoughts
and action. The training and development of staff increase the skills of the
workers to ment the challenges of the time.
(b) The government
should provide social amenities to the rural areas. This provision of social
amenities will reduce migrants and make many school leavers to accept to accept
to work and reside in rural areas.
(c) The government
should control the population of the economy optimum population will help to
solve our unemployment problem because it will bring our population to
equilibrium point to match with our available resources.
(d) The government
should create more states and local government, this should be done based on
the available resources in order to create more employment opportunities.
(e) The government
should establish industries: The establishment of many industries will create
more employment opportunities.
1.5 DEFINITION OF
IMPORTANT TERMS
In this
aspect we are concerned with the types of employment in the Nigeria economy,
they are as follows:
(a) FRICTIONAL
UNEMPLOYMENT: This type of unemployment
arises when people leave their present job with hope of getting another
one or a new one, but fails at that time. It may or may not be a temporary
unemployment depending on the prevailing economic situation. Therefore friction
unemployment is the period between the tie the worker left his former work and
the time of getting a new job or work.
(b) SEASONAL
UNEMPLOYMENT: This type of unemployment is caused by seasonal changes that
affect some type of work. For example workers that work in road construction
companies remain unemployed during raining season. On the same hand farmers
stay idle during the time between harvesting and planning periods.
(c) SEARCH
UNEMPLOYMENT: This type of unemployment occurs when some people turn down offer
of work in search of better paid employment. How long this search will last
depends on the prevailing economic situation in the country.
(d) VOLUNTARY
UNEMPLOYMENT: This type of unemployment un decorate occur when some people
refuse to take up any paid employment.
That is to say that they voluntarily decide not to take up any paid employment.
For example some husband may order their wives not to do any type of work but
to stay at home as fulltime house wives.
(e) STRUCTURE
UNEMPLOYMENT: This type of unemployment is as a result of slight change in the industrial
structure of a country. Workers will be retrenched as a result. This is caused
by economic recession and it happened in Nigeria in 1984 when firms fold up as
a result of this.
(f) DEFICIENT DEMAND (CYCLICAL) UNEMPLOYMENT:
This type of unemployment occurs when
there is decrease in the quantity of good demanded or there is over production
which result to fall in prices. Industries will be affected and this may cause
the off of workers of the industries that are affected.
(g) UNDER
EMPLOYMENT: This type of unemployment result when a workers potential is under
utilized or when a worker is paid less than the effort he puts on the job. E.g.
A graduate doing the work of a cleaner.
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