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A STUDY ON THE
STRATEGIES FOR MANAGING ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN BUSINESS ORGANISATIONS IN
NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
This research work is aimed at finding out the strategies for
managing environmental factors in Nigerian business organizations. A total number of one thousand employee which
include the workers and top management staff.
Questionnaire was the major instrument used in collecting
data from the sample size of the population in conjunction with personal
interviews, while the content of the questionnaires were presented and analysed
using simple tables and percentages, the two hypothetical questions were tested
using the chi-square statistical tool.
The following findings were made, that goal attainment is
affected by environmental uncertainty.
Business environment has an impact on manufacturing firms productivity
and that strategic planning management of business environmental uncertainty.
Based on the findings, it was concluded that effective
strategic planning is vital in the management of business environmental
uncertainty, which hinders the organizational performance and productivities.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF
THE STUDY
The environment is a major source of uncertainly to a
business manager, and as such both influences the design of any organisation
and the configuration of organizational structure.
Therefore, without a thorough analysis of the environment, a
manager finds it almost impossible to make important operational decisions in
his organization, which are vital in the attainment of various business
objectives.
Hence no business organization can operate successfully in
isolation, it has to exist and operate within an environment where there is
complex interplay between human resources, material resources and other
system. This creates the opportunities,
threats and problems for the management.
Imaga (1996:40) said, we ought to realize that an
organisation is an integral part of it environment and that they are mutually
interdependent where the environment plays the role of providing the resources
and opportunities to organisation for its existence, and the organisation in
turn, offers its goods and services to the people living in its environment.
Fayol (1949:43) said
that of all the basic functions of management such as planning, organizing,
commanding, co-ordinating and controlling, planning is the most important and
yet the most difficult responsibilities of management. This is because when goals and objectives
have been determined, the next step is to choose the methods, approaches and or
strategies of attaining them. All when
and how this is to be done is for the planner.
However, plans alone cannot ensure success of an
organization; this is because organization operates in has a big or vital role
to play in the success of the organization.
Stanner (1998:207) observed that the most important sole
influence on organizational policy and strategy is the environment, both within
and outside the organisation. The more
complex, turbulent and dynamic an environment becomes, the greater the impact
on human altitudes, organizational structure and process, therefore since the
environment is very complex, all organizations should direct its attention to
their environment when formulating their strategic management policies, to
facilitate their survival.
1.2
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
There is a vital need to map out a strategy, which will
enable a business organization to operate successfully in its ever-changing
environment. The environment, which
business organizations operate in, is highly complex, turbulence, dynamic,
therefore all organization, large or small for survival, should pay more
attention to their environment more than ever before when formulating and
implementing organizational policies and strategies.
Chairman, “John Holt” in the year 2000 Annual Report said
“the Nigerian economic environment during this year witnessed unsatisfactory
growth rate high rate of unemployment, low industrial output, coupled with poor
demand. Energy crisis continued an
unabated supply of petroleum product was epileptic; serious bottlenecks were
thus created in the production processes culminating in increased operating
cost. Electricity supply from NEPA was
too disruptive; our operating units were forced to reply heavily on power
generating facilities at exorbitant cost of diesel.
Kazmu (1992:05) over the relationship between industry and
government stated that the industry after blames the government for exercising
excessive control through plethora of rules and regulations. Consequently, how to pinpoint the right
strategies at the right time, constitutes a problem to various organizations. This research will therefore investigate the
following;
-
The impact of business environment if not properly managed.
-
The process of formulating of policies and strategies for proper
management of the environment.
-
The right strategies and the appropriate time to apply them.
1.3 PURPOSE
OF THE STUDY
This study will focus on the strategies adapted by
manufacturing organizations in Enugu state in managing environmental
factors. The aims are as follows:-
- To identify major environmental factors
that creates opportunities and threats for the manufacturing organizations.
-
To determine who and which department is responsible for strategies
planning.
-
To examine strategies adopted in relation to the environmental factors.
-
To examine the processes of strategic planning used and its relationship
with environmental information in organizations.
-
To determine the impact of business environment in organizational
attainment of objectives.
-
Proffer solutions as to some other possible ways, which these
organization can adopt in changing business environmental factors.
1.4 RESEARCH
QUESTION
1. Is there major
environmental factors that create opportunities and threats for the
manufacturing organizations?
2. What
departments in organization are responsible for strategic planning?
3. What
strategies can be adopted in solving the problems of environmental factors
uncertainly?
4. Which
processes of strategic planning can be used to respond to the environmental
information in an organisaiton.
5. Does the
business environmental factor uncertainty affect or influence the attainment of
organizational objectives?
6. Are there any
other solution or ways, which the problem of environmental factor on business
can be tackled?
1.5
HYPOTHESIS
HYPOTHESIS 1
H0: Organizational
productivity and performance is not dependent on environmental factors.
H1: Organizational
productivity and performance is dependent on environmental factors.
HYPOTHESIS 11
H0: There is no
significant association between strategic planning and environmental factors.
H1: There is a
significant association between strategic planning and environmental factors.
1.6
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study will provide an insight into the problems of
environmental factors uncertainty on manufacturing firms, and strategies with
which to manage the problem. The
following benefits will be derived from the study:-
-
Thorough understanding of the environmental factors in which policies
are made.
- Knowledge of varieties of strategies and
when to apply them in policy formation and implementation.
-
Insight into the problems, threats, opportunities, weaknesses and
strength in competitive business environment.
1.7 SCOPE OF
THE STUDY
The use of manufacturing firms limits the application of the
findings that emerged from the research work to other manufacturing
organization, since the findings can be generalized due to the fact that every
organization has its own unique environment.
1.8
DEFINITION OF TERMS
STRATEGY:
This is a proposed action or sequence of action intended to enhance the
attainment of a company’s objectives.
STRATEGIC:
This is a pre-determined actions leading to attainment of set objectives
in relation to the external environment.
ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE: This refers to fixed relationships,
roles and tests to be performed in achieving organizational objectives.
ORGANISAITONAL ENVIRONMENT:
This is the aggregate of the social cultural, economic systems and
physical conditions influence organizations.
ENVIRONMETAL SCANNING:
This is the monitoring of current events in the business environment and
the forecasting of future.
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