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AN ASSESSMENT OF THE
MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC ENTERPRISES
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to assess the management performance
of public enterprises in Nigeria using Enugu state transport company as a case
of study. The researcher using the questionnaire method collected first hand
information from the management and staff of the company in question.
Interviews
were also granted to some selected management staff. Based on the findings, the
researcher were able to draw reasonable, conclusions from where they were able
to give useful recommendations which they strongly immuned that if religiously
followed will liberate government owned company from immuned decay.
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
1.1 THE
GENERAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The survival of any economy be it a developed or
underdeveloped countries require the direct involvement of the government
(state or federal) in production of some goods and services.
Unlike the situation in some developed countries the world
where public enterprises play normal role in economic development, the public
in Nigeria forms the major part of the national economy, Nigeria, which is a
developing country, has a greater co-operation of her labour force in
agriculture.
In our knowledge of development, it is believed that for a
country to strive to develop, the greater proportion of the labour force must
be engaged in the modern sector. This has necessitated the government to set up
some vital companies such as manufacturing, construction, financial
institution; transportation services among others, to moblize the idea of industrialization.
These companies set up by government are known as public
enterprises or government owned companies. According to the main report to
public services review commission 1974 (the Udoji report). Public enterprises
include all corporations, authorities, boards council and any limited liability
companies in which the government has full or majority interest.
Within this context, four types of organization are
identified, namely – public utilities, financial institutions, commercial and
industrial companies and regulatory or service bodies.
In pursuance of this nationalization policy government also
used the weapon of nationalization to acquire some private owned companies more
especially foreign owned companies.
However, many people have adduced the reason the constant
interference in the day to day operations of the company, the appointment of
unqualified personnel, corrupt management and practice poor attitude to work
and power struggle between management and the board of directors as
contributing factors to the failure of public enterprises.
The need for management in both private and public
organisations cannot be over looked. With out effect and effective management,
the goals and objectives of organisations cannot be achieved
To appreciate the performance and problems of management, it
is necessary to understand what management is all about.
Management is not easily defined. This is because different
authors defined management in different ways. According to Udeze (1993)
management is getting things done through other people so as to include to
management as well as the lower strata of management.
The government companies under study are ventures which must
operate under management. Therefore, governments at various levels of authority
advanced their reasons for participating in business of owing companies and
parastatals
According to Ejiofor (1985) some of the reasons for
government
Ownership of business includes:-
i.
Raising of revenue (profit motive)
ii.
Provision of social welfare services.
iii.
Ensuring adequate supply as essential scares and consequently expensive
leadership.
iv. A
demonstration of economic leadership.
v.
Avenue for investment of surplus funds.
vi. Provision of employment opportunities.
In the light of the above the Enugu state government
established a number of companies which includes. Enugu state transport company
Limited Entraco).
Therefore, in the study of management in the company, the
following areas are collered administration. Finance and financial management,
control and accountability, political interference, attitude to work etc. all
these will help the researchers to asses the performance of this company. According to Ofora (1977) the experience and
stories with the functions of the government companies have shown much indue
influence or disagreement relationship particularly between the board of
directors and management (in particular
between the chainman of the board and the general manager). The business of the
company therefore, suffers because of this disagreement relationship. This
amount of conflicts of duties and personnel interest in the utilization of the
company’s property which led to making secret profits or achievement of other
unnecessary benefits.
According to Enugu state report (1992) cases of financial
mismanagement embezzlement. Nepotism and indiscipline have continued to affect
government attention to set panel of inquiry into Enugu state owned
companies. At the end of such
investigation and recommendations, government reactions have included
dissolution or re-appointment of Boards and management functionaries. According to Ajuluchukwu (1992) the effect of
this kind of government reaction could only create another problem of
non-continuity of policy and style.
In recognition of the continued existence of these problems,
the Enugu state Transport company limited decided to improve on their
effectiveness and efficiency. They have therefore encouraged cordial
relationship between Board and management and avoided serious industrial action
by their staff. The management practically applied Odaju’s Human Relation
model, which defined efficiency as a function of motivation and ability. This
was done by providing the staff with incentives and extra allowance to raise their
income.
These efforts did not achieve the desired result of
effectiveness and efficiency in the management of government owned companies as
well as indicated by the frequent dissolution or reappointment of Board and
management functionaries in 1990s. In
spite of the government efforts, the performance of government owned companies
parasists while their private counterparts continued to service, grow and make
profits.
1.2 PROBLEMS
ASSOCIATED WITH THE SUBJECT MATTER
In recent times, government owned countries in Enugu state
have been encountering a lot of problems in their activities. Among the
Manifested problems are:- Some of these companies have continued to make steady
loses since their establishment. According to Ibie (1988), the poor performance
of management was as a result of the fact that supervising ministries of
government owned companied have not been able to allow enough freedom of action
to these companies.
Another problem of management in government companies is the
in jection of the concept of ethnicity. The chief Executive and principle
functionaries of government companies are appointed not because of their
potentialities to deliver effective results, but simply for reasons of
nepotism.
This also undermined the hiring and firing equator in the
management companies. The result is that the mangers of government owned
companies become complacent and could not perform. For the same reason the
Board members of government owned companies fail to accord the emphasis to
economic considerations in the decision making process.
Besides, top management personnel and Board management
members became birds of passage only to be changed or removed by successive
governments theirs losing the valuable factor of continuity in style and policy
of management.
The problem of management in state owned business manifests
in form of political interference. According to Ibie (1988) from recent
experience, government participation in bisiness provides a fertile ground for
political meddlesomeness and wholesome corruption in management decisions,
recruitment, promotion, retention of redundant staff, prostitution of
disciplinary procedures by ethnocentric consideration award of inflation of
frivolous contracts, appointment of board members and employees lacking in
relevant knowledge and experience. These are all factors, which erode the
efficiency, effectiveness and productivity of government owned companies.
Appointment to Boards are made to repay political debts to
provide sanctuaries for defeated politicians and disgruntled colleagues, the
care of old cronies, build intra- political support or achieve a host of non-
business all of which place serious stram on management.
Another great problem that hinders management in government
owned companies in finance.
According to Bedford (1984) the government subvention to
state owned companies is not enough to meeting with these companies projected
pans. There is shortage of work
facilities and requirement in these companies caused by in adequate capital.
The in ability to meet up with the financial obligations creates management
problems since it makes management incapacitated.
The attitude to work in government owned companies creates
management problems. Work is supposed to mean a total dedication and devotion
to one’s occupation and should not be regarded as a burden and undesirable
undertaking. Ibie (1983) noted that in much government companied work is viewed
to the extent that it is the means of earning a living.
Interest in the work in frail since the only motivation is
cash reward. The employees pretend to work hard in the presence of their boss
while relaxing when they turn back. The after effect is confrontational and
unhealthy organisational relationship which results into management problems.
According to Epundu (1989), there are also frequent wrangling and power tussles
among the Board members, top management and other employees of parastestals and
government
Owned enterprises referred to as triangle of power.
In spite of state government effort to revitalize the
companies, Enugu state transport company (ENTRACO), has continued to face
management problem resulting from arreas of huge debts litter unserviceable
vehicle and how capacity utilization.
After
considering these problems it became necessary to identify the management
problems and their cause with a view to recommend policy solutions.
1.3
PROBLEM(s) THAT THE STUDY WILL BE CONCERNED WITH
In Nigeria as well as other developing nations organisations,
business enterprises especially those owned by government fail to meet up or
perform up to standard owing to a lot of reasons. These reasons could be due to
inadequate planning, finance and manpower requirements and sometimes operating
environment in the form of competition.
Also political control and mismanagement contribute in their
own way towards poor performance.
Enugu State Transport Company therefore has its management
problems. The poor management and the unwitting painlessness compounding the
managerial incompetence of the company have consequently led to the high
mortality rate of the company. The poor performance of ENTRACO has reported
over the years. The appointment of members of the Board of Directors is no
longer based on experience, discipline and qualification, but on party membership.
Such members sacrifice the profit motive of such companies for the wishes of
the political statutes
The ENTRACO’S poor performance can be attributed to finance.
In fact no organization can function effectively without adequate and well
resourceful financial base to meet up with the say to day running of its
operation and activities. Enugu state transport company has not performed owing
to lack of enough funds to buy all the necessary equipment and the acquisition
of more fleets of buses so as to meet up with the demands of its customers and
compete favourably with others in the same business line. The essence of this
write up is to assess the management performance of Enugu State Transport
Company (ENTRACO). It is hope that the findings and suggestions would usher in
a purposeful management that will bring viable and profit oriented ideas of the
company.
1.4 THE IMPORTANCE
OF STUDYING THE AREA.
The studying of management performances in Enugu state
transport would be of importance in various ways:-
The study would enable the management discover a dependable
way or strengthen inter personal relationship. Provide a good organization
climate of trust and devotion to set goals and elimination of weak appraisal
methods.
The company studied will enjoy induced managerial
effectiveness as well as central value facilitates co- ordinate effort and
objective rewarded criteria.
The study would further help management to identify advanced
political development need of personnel and to facilities changes.
Again the study would also help to expose the company and its
management to new and concerted ideas for efficient and effective performance.
The importance of management performance in ENTRACO will help
to identify the problems created by over government influence in the company
which has constantly contributed to lack of initiative of members of staff and
inability to perform. It will help to direct government on how dangerous it is
to appoint Board members based on political patronage rather than on merit.
This aspect is very important because it usually render
government owned companies to useless and as times leads to closure of the
companies.
The study of management in ENTRACO, Enugu would be of
importance to management scholars for in-depth further research.
Finally, the management problems in ENTRACO limited appear to
be a national issue among other public enterprises. Thus the great importance
of this study cannot be over-emphasized because human resources marketing
production financial and other problems of moral notes have left so many
government companies decline to the point of near collapse and yet these are
companies that are expected to achieve certain intended objectives for the good
of all.
1.5 DEFINITION OF
IMPORTANT TERMS
ENTRACO:- Enugu
State Transport company Limited.
MANAGEMENT:- A
group of persons controlling / directing a business.
ADMINISTRATION:-
Looking after government, carrying on the business of a company.
COMPANY :- A
group of persons united for purpose of business.
GOVERNMENT OWNED COMPANY:- Here used to refer to the company
in which government of Enugu State has interest and controls majority equity
share.
PROBLEMS:- This
refers to the constraints pitfalls lapses and short falls.
POLITICAL INTERFERENCE:-
Government or politics preventing a person from carrying out his plans.
ACCOUNTABILITY:- Where
one is expected to explain or be responsible
for something and be blamed perhaps for its happenings.
PRODUCTION:- This is the creation of goods and services or
creation of utilities.
REMUNERATION:- This means when there is payment for work done
or payment received after work well done.
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