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CRISIS MANAGEMENT IN
NIGERIA LOCAL GOVERNMENT
ABSTRACT
The Nigeria society is a rapid transition in addition to the
inevitable and usually gradual transformation processes that affect all social
system, the institutions economic political, legal of the Nigeria society are
being debatably and hurriedly reformed to avoid the pit falls of the past
Momentous decision are being made now programme established and
new strategies adopted all in an effort
to achieve a new social order.
The above quotation from paper on crisis management presented
by mark Anikpo has been chosen as a good starting point for this study.
One of the on going strategies to do this is the reform being
introduced in to the local government
system by the office of the chief of general staff to prepare the local
government as an effective third tier of government. Usually such rapid reforms
tend to be prone to one from of organizational crisis or another crisis here
refers to a unusual situation the out come of which is uncertain or capable of
generating system it crisis out of the inherent
disposition of the system to disturb the political and administration
process by its decision or operations.
It often arises from situational uncertainties and
inadequacies. These could be power tussle inadequate funds or times to execute
all envisage project psychological
discommendation of the populace
and its rejection of the proposal reforms.
There full implication of established programmers or a
deliberate dinging to police established primarily to protect institution class
relations.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
BACKGTROUND TO THE SUBJECT MATTER
Local Government in
Nigeria has been characterized by instability and disruptions emanating from
one from of crisis or the other. These
crisis that were often promoted by the activities of central government usually led to complete
dissolution and take over of the
functions of the local government by the state government.
In other words, local government in this country has always
been subjected to the whims and caprices of the state government. They were
never firmly established to make any contribution to the construction of a
stable and deeply rooted polity as the “panchayata, institutions seen to have
done in India”.
The various local government reforms and particularly the
1976 reform were thus interracial armed at stabilizing and rationalizing government at the local
level. Unfortunately however the chosen
implementation strategies seem to have
resulted in unanticipated policy out comes.
As this matter of fact, by the end of 1983 it was clear to
all that the aims of the 1976 reforms to create autonomous and viable local
government system in the country had not couldn’t be realized. It is our belief that this was government
system to effectively handle the forms of
crisis that effected it during this period.
It is against this background that the topic “crisis
management in local government system in Nigeria was chosen.
1.2 PROBLEMS
ASSOCIATED WITH THE SUBJECT MATTER
Every crisis has four main stages and allowing each crisis to
pass through the four stages has been the bone of effective local government
administration in Nigeria.
The four stages of crisis includes:
i. Prodromal
stage (every warning stage)
ii. Acute stage
iii. Chronic stage
iv. Resolution
stage
crisis management aims to avoid the acute and chromic stages
of crisis. A crisis is said to be effectively managed if it moves from the
prodromal to resolution stages. We are
aware that this has not been the case in the local government.
If we look at the second republic 1979 to 1983, and the last
civilian local government administration 1988 to 1989, there were various
crisis which include:
i. Financial
crisis
ii. power crisis
iii. Man power
crisis
iv. Political
crisis
v. Crisis of
confidence
The entire above crisis were unfortunately allowed to go
through the four stages and had their unpleasant effect on local government
administration in the country.
Enugu north local government , our case study, is a very good
exam[le of the effect of allowing a crisis of through the four stages.
The local government particularly during the 1988 to 1989
local government administration was afflicted by crisis. These crisis went through the full cycle and the effect was intervention by both
the federal and the state government.
There were also casa of polarization of the council in many
local government which is some cases ended with chairman removing their
supervisory councilors. The peculiar circumstance of the creation and existence
of local government coupled with the
unpredictability of its political and administrative environment in
Nigeria largely accounts for the appeal
of this topic.
“Crisis management in Nigeria local government administration
to the author. Unfortunately, it is clear from the prevailing literature that only very little work if any
has been done by scholars and practitioner.
In view of the lapse identified an inquiry into crisis
management in Nigeria local government has become most imperative. It is hoped that this inquiry will stimulate
near dimension and direction of crisis management.
Above all, its overall objectives could be the search for an
effective and efficient local government ministration in Nigeria while the
specific will focus on evolving new strategies for building administrative base
for local government in the country.
1.3 PROBLEMS
THAT THE STUDY WILL BE CONCERNED WITH SOLUTION.
The objectives of this study includes:
i. To examine
the existing method of handling crisis in local government administration in
the country and ascertain how far local government are performing within the
bounds of available manpower.
ii. To examine
the structure of local government relevance to Nigeria local government with
particular reference to power relationship.
iii. To examine
the inter-governmental relationship existing and by Nigeria three level of
government and by extension ascertain the constraints on crisis management in
Nigeria local government.
iv. To attempt to
appraise the existing and potential manpower for the local government
v. To explore
worker’s attitude to local government administration with a view of explaining
the extents for Nigeria local government in the light of the findings and
logically recommend ways for effective crisis management in local government
through the country.
1.4 THE IMPORTANT
OF STUDYING THE AREA.
Local governments are established for political
administrative and service provision purposes, which are further discussed
below.
POLITICAL: The
establishment of local government is often linked with the desire to promote
democracy. The first consideration in
this regard must be into participation which
if offers. Democracy in a simple
sense is a system of self-rule instituted to provide the authority or council
of the local government, which is popularly selected.
Participation at this level
is not merely an end in itself it also serves to provide political
training for local leaders and inculcate in the local populace democratic
tenants to protect liberty, which is endangered through exercise centralization of powers.
ADMINISTRATION: Modern
states are geographically expensive and are also called upon to perform a large
variety of functions and services. The size and complexity of modern government
compel one forms decentralization or the other if-the central government is not
to collapse out of excessive over loading or if many important functions and
services are not suffer neglect. Local government is one of the most preferred forms decentralization
because it allows for genuine
decongestion of the central government as decision making powers and control of
necessary resources are transferred to localities where they are expeditiously
exercise to deal with local problems.
Secondary, local government is likely to promote greater
efficiency in the provision of service merely by breaking the bulk of
government workload, local government reduces it to manageable proportions, but
above all it can harass local knowledge resources and expertise behind the
administration of local affairs. Many
local factors like demography customers and tradition, socio-economic
conditions and the local power structure constrain the usefulness of national
solutions local problem.
SERVICES: Local
government are impaired to provide certain services in their areas of
jurisdiction. As a matter of fact without the service provision role, there
might be no point at to the existence of local government. The government in Nigeria was guided by three
main criteria under the 1979 local government reforms. The functions
development to local government are those:
a. Which require
detailed knowledge for efficient performance.
b. In which
success depends on community responsiveness and participation.
c. Which are of
personal native requiring provision close to where the individual affected
line, and in which significant use is needed. The big question now is, to what
extent had the local government achieve these purpose for its establishment it
was clear that before the 1976 reforms local government were established and
abolished with reckless abandon, their
functions and abolished needlessly ended and their reduced to achieve
political was terminated the local government had not fulfilled the purpose for
which they were established. Matters
were not better after the 1976 reforms. The reasons are traceable to the crisis
and instability that had characterized the
local government.
In view of the above, the significance of this study, which
is aimed at developing an effective crisis management tool and this creating a
relatively stable environment became clear to make reasonable progress towards
activity the purpose for their creation, local government require relatively
stable environment tool which is what this study is all about.
1.5 DEFINITION OF
IMPORTANT TERMS.
In the course of this study, certain key concepts are met
along the line which many be given different interpretation. For the purpose of
this study therefore the following working/operational definitions are given to
such concepts thus:
i. CRISIS: This is an unusually situations the
outcome of which is uncertain or capable of generating conflicts.
ii. LOCAL
GOVERNMENT: This is government at
local level exercise through representative council established by lan to
exercise specific power within defined areas.
iii. CRISIS
MANANGEMENT:Any measure that plans in advance for a crisis for turning point
any measure that removes the risk and uncertainly from a given situation and thereby allows one to be
more in control of ones is named a form
of crisis management.
iv. RURAL
DEVELOPMENT: This is the process of providing
in habitants of the rural areas with
basis infrastructure and amenities which would enhance their standard of living
it means the came thing as developing rural areas.
v. CENTRAL AND
REATIONAL GOVERNMENT: This means the
same thing as federal and state government respectively.
vi.
GOVERNMENT: This can be
defined as an academic field of study or political science. As a political
science it looks into the functions and relationship of the organs concerned or
state.
2.
PROPROMAL: This simply mean’s
initial take off stage of the crisis. When it is not noted by the management
prodromal is the early time were the
crisis has been emanate.
REFERENCES
Boyeya, A,G (1987) Political
Values and Local Government in Nigeria,
Lagos, Malthous press.
Egonwa J.A (1958) Principle and Practice of Local Government
in Nigeria
Benin City SMO Aka and Brothers Press.
Federal Republic of Nigeria (1976) Guidelines for local
Government Reform, Kaduna
Government Printer.
Nwatbodes, P.U (2003), Citizenship Education and Over View
Vol. 2 Enugu; 3 T.C
Publishers.
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