THE EFFECT OF MOTIVATIONAL TOOLS ON EMPLOYEES MORALE IN AN ORGANIZATION (A case study of Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company Limited (KRPC)
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THE EFFECT
OF MOTIVATIONAL TOOLS ON EMPLOYEES MORALE IN AN ORGANIZATION
(A case
study of Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company Limited (KRPC)
ABSTRACT
This research work is on “The Effect
of Motivational Tools on Employees Morale in an organization (A case study of
Kaduna Refinery and Petrochemical Company Limited (KRPC) Kaduna). The
introductory part consist of background to the subject matter, statement of
general problems, objectives of the study, statement of hypothesis,
significance of the study, scope and Limitation of the study and definition of
terms. The study also reviewed existing literature by various authors and
taking into consideration six motivational theories. In gathering relevant
information, this research work consist of the use of questionnaire which was
administered to the general staff of KRPOC Kaduna Chi-square was sued to test
the hypothesis, the result gotten shows that conclusion and recommendation were
also made which highlight the immense important of motivational factors in an
organization.
Table of content
Title Page i
Declaration ii
Approval Page iii
Abstract vi
Table of contents v
CHAPTER
ONE
2.1
Background
of the study 1
2.2
Statement
of the problem 3
2.3
Objectives
of the study 5
2.4
Statement
of Research hypothesis 6
2.5
Significance
of the study 6
2.6
Scope of
the study 7
2.7
Limitation
of the study 7
2.8
Historical
Background of Kaduna Refinery and
Petrol-chemical company Kaduna (KRPC) 8
2.9
Definitions
of Terms 12
CHAPTER
TWO
2.10
Motivation
defined 14
2.11
Motivational
processes 15
2.12
Theories
of motivation 16
2.12.1
Abraham
Maslow Hierarch of needs theory 17
2.12.2
Douglas
McGregor- Theory X and theory Y. 20
2.12.3
Herzberg’s
motivation-Hygiene theory 23
2.12.4
McClelland’s
needs theory 25
2.12.5
Expectancy
theory 27
2.12.6
Equity
theory 31
2.12.7
Reinforcement
theory 33
2.12.8
Types of
motivation 34
2.13
Types of
motivational Techniques 34
2.14
Motivational
Techniques 35
2.15
Factors
Affecting motivational Techniques 41
2.16
Human
resources contribution to motivation Techniques 42
2.17
The
importance of motivation 44
CHAPTER THREE
3.1
Researcher
Design 45
3.2
Research
Population 45
3.3
Sample
size sampling Techniques 45
3.4
Method of
gathering data 46
3.5
Justification
of method used 47
3.6
Methods of
data analysis 47
3.7
Justification
of the instrument used 48
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1
Data
presentation 49
4.2
Data
analysis 51
4.3
Discussion
of findings 52
4.4
Test of
hypothesis 56
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary
findings 60
Conclusion
61
Recommendations 62
Bibliography 64
Questionnaire 65
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0 GENERAL
INTRODUCTION
It has been asserted over the years that
motivation is important to workers just as water is important to sustain human
life. Motivation creates condition that encourages workers to satisfy their
needs while at the same time accomplishing organizational goals and objectives.
1.1 BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
In motivating employee in an organization, it
requires the management to create real and imagined needs for the employee to
aspire to. These needs could be increase in wages/salaries, the desire to
achieve through promotions, recognitions etc. So many experiences have
portrayed that the Nigerian workers in both public and private sectors have
been frustrated out of their jobs for reasons arising from the dissatisfaction
of their job, lack of good training policies and training facilities, absence
of adequate incentives etc. As a result, low morale in working behavior comes
into play.
The keys to the viability, survival and growth of
an organization in the public and private sector is the effective acquisition,
utilization and maintenance of the organization’s most valued asset – human resources. No matter how
vast or huge the financial and materials resources may be, somebody who is a
human element will have to put them together and make them useful to the accomplishment
of goals and objectives.
The capacity of an organization to adopt, maintain
itself, survive and grow in the face of changing condition depends largely in
how effective and efficient the human resource can be managed and utilized.
Lots of organizations are confronted with broad
range of problems in dealing with the life wire of the organization, which is
the human resource. This is obvious because, the human resources of an organization which consists
of all individual, irrespective of their roles, status and duties who are
engaged in any of the organizations activities and its important, versatile,
and valuable assets, it is the only resources
that is blessed with the capabilities of thinking, planning, executing
and achieving organizational goals.
Furthermore, with these central roles played by
human resource in an organization, it becomes evidently clear that their
motivation should be given a top priority.
The expectation of management of every
organization is for employee to put in their best to achieve the goals of that
said organization. This is the reason why management practitioners and most
people tend to pay attention to motivation to boost employee morale at work.
1.2 STATEMENTS OF THE PROBLEM
Many contemporary authors have argued that
motivation is a concept that cannot be ignored when talking of workers morale.
Yet lack of motivation has made a whole lot of organization to collapse or at
must run below their target. Motivated employees are needed in our rapidly
changing workplace, motivated employee are more productive and help
organizations to survive.
One of the key problems that usually confront the
management is how to motivate workers to perform the assigned task and duties,
so that the predetermined goals and objectives can be achieved.
Also, many organizations are more concerned with
having high returns on investment which they have neglected workers to the
background in their scale of priority.
Furthermore, most workers and management of
organizations see motivation as just the addition to the take home of the
workers, or promotion to another level in the hierarchy of the organization.
They fail to realize that incentives, promotion and so on are what surrounds a
job and it cannot lead to job satisfaction. That is the more reason why most
organization that believe in this concept are still finding it difficult to
satisfy their workers in the long-run.
Moreover, the fact cannot be eluded that most
organizations see motivation of workers as unnecessary or a waste of resources
that will yield a lot of profit when applied in other factors of production of
the organization.
It is from this view that this study examines the
extent to which motivation has impacted on the employee’s morale in Kaduna
refining and Petrochemical company.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main objective of this study is to examine the
effect of motivation on employee morale
in Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company.
Other sub-objectives are as follows:
1. To help solve the motivational problems
faced by most organizations especially Kaduna
refining and petro-chemical company Kaduna (KRPC)
2. To help the management appreciate the
crucial importance of people in achievement of organizational objectives.
3. To investigating the role played by motivational factors in spurring the employee
to perform effectively on the job.
4. To identify the motivational variables
used by management in ensuring effectiveness and efficiency in the performance
of the workers.
1.4 STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS
For the purpose of the study, the following
hypothesis is formulated:
H0: Motivational tools have no significant effect on
employees
morale and job performance in KRPC
H1: Motivational tools has
significant effect on employees, Morale
and job performance in KRPC.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1. The
study is significant because it relates to human capital, the most important
resources of any organization.
2. It tends to review different motivational
techniques and theories that can be applied or employed in motivating employers
3. It will also be useful to the management
of the organization (KRPC Kaduna), the case study to identify their weak point
in employees motivation and how to salvage the problems.
4. The study is one of the pre-requisite for
the award of Higher National Diploma in Kaduna Polytechnic Kaduna.
5. It will also serve as a point of
references to other students that might undergo a similar research in the
subject matter.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This write-up covers motivation in Kaduna Refining
Petro-chemical Company (KRPC), that is to say the study is restricted to the
effect of motivational tool on employees morale specifically, Kaduna Refining
and Petro-Chemical Company Kaduna Plant.
It also focuses on the tools that can be employed
to see the effective motivation of workers and the role it plays n the
achievement of organization goals.
Furthermore, the focus periods of this research
work is 2010. All data collected and references made are related to the period
of interest.
1.7 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
During the course of the study, several limitation
were faced. These consists of the following:
1. Some of the respondents were skeptical
about answering questions presented to them. However, a lot of persuasion was
made to those who would be persuaded to respond.
2. In some cases, the respondents responses
were highly inconsistent. At least one would expect a certain level of
correlation among responses to the same questions even from different
respondents. This pointed to the fact that some responses were inaccurate.
3. The research population consist of workers in Kaduna Refining and
Petro-Chemical Company (KRPC) and this warranted a great deal of need for transport from home to school and to the
organization repeatedly. Considering the cost of transportation, this was a
great set back. In as much as mobility require a lot financially, the
researcher nevertheless had to be on the move so as to make progress with the
research work.
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