AN APPRAISAL OF MATERIAL MANAGEMENT CONCEPT AS A STRATEGY FOR ACHIEVING ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY (A CASE STUDY OF KADUNA REFINING AND PETROCHEMICAL LTD.)
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AN APPRAISAL OF MATERIAL MANAGEMENT CONCEPT AS A STRATEGY FOR ACHIEVING
ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY
(A
CASE STUDY OF KADUNA
ABSTRACT
Material
management is a strategy for achieving organizational productivity. The
researcher started this research work by introducing the subject matter,
background of the study, statement of the problem, objective of the study,
significance, and scope of the study were highlighted also the researcher
formulated hypothesis which form the basis for the research. In the second
chapter the researcher reviewed the work of various authors on the subject
matter, the concept of management, the
significance of material management concept, the material flow system, basic
materials functions determination of materials need material cost reduction
strategies were discussed in the chapter. The method used in carrying out the
research was discussed in chapter three, the method of gathering data, sampling
and sampling techniques, justification of method used and method of data
analysis. The data gathered in chapter three was analysed in chapter and
hypothesis formulated in chapter one was tested using chi-square. Lastly the
researcher draw a summary and conclusion for the research and comes up with a
recommendation among which the researcher recommended that an adequate storage
facility conducive for modern material, management should be provided to help
the store perform it service function effectively.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title
page - - - - - - - - - i
Approval
page - - - - - - - - ii
Declaration - - - - - - - - iii
Dedication - - - - - - - - iv
Acknowledgement - - - - - - - v
Abstract - - - - - - - - - vii
Table
of Contents - - - - - - - viii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction - - - - - -- - 1
1.1 Background of the study - - - - - 1
1.2 Statement of the General Problem - - - 3
1.3 Objective of the study - - - - - 4
1.4 Statement of the Hypothesis - - - - - 5
1.5 Significance of the study - - - - - 5
1.6 Scope of the study - - - - - - 6
1.7 Limitation of the study - - - - - 6
1.8 Historical background of the case study - - 7
1.9 Definition of terms - - - - - - 9
CHAPTER TWO- Literature Review
2.0 The concept of material management - - 12
2.1 Material management defined - - - - 12
2.2 The significance of material management
concept 17
2.3 The material flow system - - - - - 18
2.4 Basic material function - - - - - 20
2.5 Determination of material needs - - - 23
2.6 Material cost reduction strategies - - - 25
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research design - - - - - - 30
3.2 Research population - - - - - - 30
3.3 Sample size and sampling procedures - - 31
3.4 Method of gathering data - - - - - 31
3.5 Justification of method used - - - - 33
3.6 Method of data analysis - - - - - 33
3.7 Justification of investment used - - -- 34
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION
4.1 Data presentation - - - - - - 35
4.2 Data analysis - - - - - - - 35
4.3 Test of hypothesis - - - - - - 45
CHAPTER FIVE - Summary Of
Findings, Conclusion Recommendation
5.1 Summary of finding - - - - - - 47
5.2 Conclusion - - - - - - - 48
5.3 Recommendation - - - - - - 49
Bibliography - - - - - - - 52
Appendices
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
The
need for the production function is to make up with the growing complexity of
industrial needs has brought about the concept of material management.
Modern
management has expanded the traditional scope of purchasing and procuring to
cover the entire material management process. Thus Lee and Dubler (1983) define
material management as a confederacy of traditional material activities bound
by a common idea, and of intergraded management approach to planning.
Acquisition, conversion, flow and distribution of production material from the
raw material state to the finished product state.
The
concept also provide for delegation of responsibility and authority with
regards to procurement and supply of material. The concept also recognizes the
importance of the principle of accountability by providing a management
approach which is responsible for all decisions.
Through
material management, there is relatively recent concept much through has been
given to it particularly since World War II, when industries all over the world
were awoken to the fact that tremendous economies could be achieved by
sufficient material management. The concept is today relevant to business
organization because they will have a centralize body responsibility for buying
with the overall advantage of procuring standard material at possible bulk.
Disco unit and obtaining special vender relation. It means that spending
valuable money is in the heart of people who are trained and competent for this
job.
Frequently,
it is found that material are expensive and in order to reduce overall costs,
it require the close cooperation and co-ordination of material and other user
department to ensure that material ordered are made to arrive only when they
are needed, the benefit of this approach is that of cost reduction and
maximization of the company’s profit.
Thus,
the growing need for efficient operation of material management is increased in
recent time.
1.2 STATEMENT
OF THE GENERAL PROBLEM
As
earlier indicated, the significance of material management has been recognized
by most industries in Nigeria ,
now a days, in most companies in Nigeria
Improper
planning is another area of problem which entails effective and efficient
requisition handling instruction of the finished products.
1.3 OBJECTIVE
OF THE STUDY
The
motivating factor that led the researcher to choose the research topic is that,
apart from the project been one of the prerequisites for the award of higher diploma
in production and operations management, the researcher has always seen the
essence of material management in an organization.
This
couple with the experience the researcher had during her industrial attachment
training motivated her towards writing this project. As a student who really
wants to be versed, the researcher fills that it is an opportunity for her to
research into the field of material management and to see herself the cartages
in the field.
Lastly,
it is hoped that the research will serve as a guide to fellow student who would
also like to make further research in this field, and to benefit the school by
keeping it in the library for reference purposes, in view of the above the
researcher has decided.
1.4
STATEMENT
OF RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
A
hypothesis is a conjectural preposition, an uninformed intelligent guess about
the solution to a problem. It is an assumption or proposition whose validity is
to be established. For the purpose of this study, the following hypothesis is
used.
H0: the application of material management techniques dose not increase
the profitability of an organization.
H1: the application of material management techniques increase the
profitability of an organization
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
The
significance of the study is to benefit both the research and readers, for it
makes for a very interesting and educational reading, since the study will
attempt to make every thing in detail which will attract readers and future
readers.
The
research hypothesis and date analysis will also enable organization to
determine whether or not effective application of material management technique
increase the profitability of an organization.
1.6 SCOPE
OF THE STUDY
Material
management being a complex and dynamitic concept has a wide area of coverage so
it is obvious that research of this nature cannot hold without problem. As such
the work limited to the area. the researcher face are crucial or relevant to
the problem under investigation that is effective material management as a tool
toward organizational profitability in manufacturing organization.
1.7 LIMITATION
OF THE STUDY
A
study of this nature will normally entails investigation into a variety of
issues to be able to achieve a comprehensive study of the problems, a lot of
constraint would be encountered in form of collection of data, lack of adequate
information and scarcity of researchers infrastructures. As a result of this,
certain limitation will be imposed on the are to be covered.
First
and foremost, inaccessibility of data (collection of data) to provide the
necessary information were difficult to acquire, especially the financial
figures, some of the employees who co-operated were not in better possession of
the facts and figures necessary in this project.
Secondly,
limited area of study, there are many section in the organisation of all forms
of materials, however, the researchers intension is to concentrate only on the
materials store for the project. This project apparently pose serious
limitation to this project and the researcher has to work with data that are
available.
Thirdly,
there are hardly many writers on the subject matter, therefore text books on
this topic are scare, so the information was gathered from books of accounting
and purchasing, internet. Also due to the nature of the co-operation NNPC
(KRPC) have adopted strict security measure to non-organisation staff following
the trend of events which posed problem to this write up.
fourthly,
the study will be confirmed to KRPC who do to have a library section which
would have ease the researcher by providing an information containing its
comprehensive details of its operational background from inception.
Lastly,
there were difficulty of securing valid personal or confidential information
and the uncertainty of receiving adequate number of responses to represent satisfactory
sample.
1.8 HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY.
The
Kaduna Nigeria
Managers
heading the department report to their respective executive directors and those
under the managing director report directly to him. The products commonly
associated with the Nigeria
Fuel
oils from the KRPC are essential energy input for industrial production, supply
has steadily increase overtime, thereby reducing down time and increasing
industrial capacity utilization for power generation for domestic use,
industrial small scale production, among others.
The refinery primary produces the
following petroleum product.
1
PMS
2
LPG :- Liquid petroleum gas
3
Fuel oil
4
Black oil production of industries
5
Kerosene
6
LAB- Linear alky/benzene production for the
manufacturing of liquid detergent and pharmaceutical production
7
Asphalt
8
Wax
9
Lube base oil
The
refinery designed process was carried out by Chiyoda chemical engineering and
Construction Company.
1.9 DEFINITION
OF TERMS
Management:
it is a process of achieving organizational objective through an efficient
utilization of materials and human resources.
Stock: The
quality of goods supplies retrieved into a stock house and being held for
sometimes.
Ware Housing: This is basically designed to bridge the
gab between the mass production of the producer and the batch requirement of
the consumers.
Quality Control: A
system of programming and coordinating the effort of the various groups in an
organization to maintain or improve generally at an economical level, which
allows for customer satisfaction
Purchasing: Is
the activity directed to secure by legal means, the material supplies, service
and equipment in the operation of an enterprises.
Expedition: Is
the continually mounting of orders place with the supply to see that they have
receive it at the time is already planed for their use.
Surplus:
Materials which are excess of a firms operational requirement of the excess
over the normally requirement.
Profitability: A
firm ability to earn a profit and potential for future earning.
Effectiveness: The
optimal organization relationship among time determination, production,
efficiency, satisfaction, adeptness and development.
Efficiency: Measures
of production relative to impact of human and other resource.
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