THE IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP STYLE IN THE ACHIEVEMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY GOAL IN VITA FOAM LIMITED (A CASE STUDY OF VITA FOAM LIMITED, KADUNA)
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THE IMPACT OF
LEADERSHIP STYLE IN THE ACHIEVEMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY GOAL IN VITA
FOAM LIMITED (A CASE STUDY OF VITA FOAM LIMITED, KADUNA)
ABSTRACT
The confined success enjoyed by many organizations is derived
from balances that are achieved in terms of goals of both the employees and
management of the organization through effective leadership. The major purpose
of this study is to determine the impact of leadership qualities on growth and
development of organizations especially the private sector. In order to
accomplish this objective, research questions were formulated and data were
collected through the use of questionnaires that were distributed to staff of
VITA FOAM Limited, Kaduna. The data was analyzed using statistical techniques
such as percentage and chi-square that were interpreted. In work organization,
the quality of top management often determines the quality of work output and
margin profit. Effectiveness are achieved and sustained through effective
leadership when the management of an organization harnesses the potential of
available manpower, and also utilizing leadership principles. There are
different leadership styles that are applicable to different work situations
and sometimes, they vary with the nature of ownership of the organization.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page - -
- - -
- - -
- - i
Declaration
- - -
- - -
- - -
ii
Approval page - -
- - -
- - -
- iii
Dedication -
- - -
- - -
- - -
iv
Acknowledgment
- - -
- - -
- - -
v
Abstract - -
- - -
- -
- - -
vii
Table of Contents
- - -
- - -
- - viii
CHAPTER ONE: Introduction
1.1 Background to
the Study - -
- - -
- 1
1.2 Statement of the
Problem - -
- - -
- 3
1.3 Objectives of
the Study - -
- - -
- - 6
1.5 Significance of
the Study - -
- - -
- 7
1.6 Scope of the
Study - -
- - -
- - 8
1.7 Limitations of
the Study - -
- - -
- 8
1.8 Historical
Background of the Case Study
- - -
- 8
1.9 Definition of
Terms - -
- - -
- - 9
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review
2.0
Introduction - -
- -
- - -
- 11
2.1 Concept of
Leadership - - -
- - -
- 11
2.2 Factors of
Leadership - -
- - -
- - 12
2.3 Theory of
Leadership - -
- - -
- - 14
2.4 Boss Theory of
Leadership - -
- - -
- 14
2.5 Managerial
Grid - -
- - -
- - -
18
2.6 Leadership and
Management - -
- - -
- 21
2.7 Evaluating
Leadership Effectiveness - -
- - 25
2.8 Developing
Effective Leadership Behaviour - -
- 29
2.9 The Need for Effective
Leaders and Managers - -
- 32
2.10 Organizational
Structure/Chart of VITA FOAM Limited
- - 33
2.11 The Concept of
Leadership - -
- - -
- 34
CHAPTER THREE: Research Methodology
3.1 Research Design
- - -
- - -
- - 36
3.2 Research
Population - -
- - -
- - 36
3.3 Sample Size and
Sample Techniques - -
- -
37
3.4 Method of
Gathering Data - -
- - -
- 37
3.5 Justification
for the Method Used - -
- - -
39
3.6 Method of Data
Analysis - -
- - -
- 39
3.7 Justification
for the Instrument Use - -
- - 40
Bibliography
- - -
- - -
- - 42
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to
the Study
Leadership is a very important management function that
involves harnessing of human and material resources for the attainment of
organizational goals. Leadership has been viewed by many authors as a process
whereby an individual exerts influence upon others in an organizational
context.
Bowler and Seashore (1996) enumerated the basic functions of
leadership to include:
-
Enhancing others feeling of self-esteem and support.
-
Facilitating an interaction such that group members develop a close and
mutually satisfying relationship.
- Goal
emphasis for high performance and achievements.
- Work
facilitation such that targets are achieved through such activities as
scheduling, coordinating, planning and the effective application of knowledge.
It is expected therefore that in every organization, there
should be a leader who will in addition to planning, organize and coordinate
work, mobilize, inspire and utilize available human and material resources
optimally for effective organizational growth and development. Leadership often
emerges in a social context, in that it does not exist in a vacuum, but a
phenomenon for people and by the people. The objectives of leadership are
products of clear vision and its actions are dictated by great focus and a
sense of mission. The way and manner leadership is conducted in any given
situation, depends on the interplay of such factors as individual personality,
work demand and the exigencies of the environment.
The extent to which any of these factors dominates one’s
behavior determines to a large extent the person’s accumulation of natural or
situational leadership traits.
Several arguments have been raised over time about the
relationship between leadership and employee’s attitude. However, most scholars
caution against tendencies to propose a cause-effective relationship because of
the confounding effects of the interviewing variables.
For instance, a leadership characteristic determines
leadership behavior, and consequently, the attitude of subordinates towards him
and the work situation, Katz (1994).
And the view of Meornick (1991), democratic leader tend to
affect employees more positively than authoritative leaders, while
authoritative leaders tend to achieve production targets better than the
former.
However, Petz (1952) theorized that what matters in the
leader-subordinate relationship is not just the imposing attitudes of the
leader, but also the enduring characteristics of the subordinates. He also
advocated the principle of reciprocal influence and integration, according to
him, subordinates expect their supervisors to exercise upward influence when
dealing with problems which affects workers themselves, but when this is
perceived as being limited, they develop unfavourable reactions.
Consequently, this will thwart the attainment of
organizational objectives and effectiveness. However, organizational
effectiveness depends to a great extent on the ways the various group in the
organizational hierarchy are structured and integrated. Effective management
should therefore develop effective group membership to which they owe loyalty.
That is why effective leadership is necessary in any organization, as all
activities that will promote organizational effectiveness are to a large extent
measured by their productivity.
1.2 Statement of the
Problem
Leadership is considered as the bane of development in
Nigeria organization. In political circle for instance, the problem of
leadership is described with despicable terms as corruption, ineptitude,
red-tapism and nepotism etc.
There is no gain saying the fact that most of the
socio-economic maladies which the nation faced currently are product of poor
management and bad or ineffective leadership.
For over a decade now, the world bank has reported
consistently in her annual bulletin and publications that Nigeria ranks amongst
the sixth poorest nations of the world despite her abundant human and natural
resources.
In addition, capacity utilization of Nigeria industrial
organizations has been very low level since 1983, and many industries have
since folded up. This is an apparent failure on the part of those leadership
positions which the organizations operate and design practical and effective
response strategies to cope with the prevailing situations, the obvious
conclusion is that they have serious leadership problems.
Many organizations which could have been economically viable
are folding up even now, and some which are surviving could hardly meet their
targeted maximum production level even when such organization have financial
backing, enough raw material and human resources. Therefore, leadership remains
the problem militating against the growth and development of such organization.
To curb this menace, there is need for an effective leader to effectively put
these resources to proper use for maximum result.
Government organizations never really get extinct by virtue
of their ownership structure. This is not the case with private organizations
which may be devastated to the point of folding up due to numerous problems
amongst which is leadership. Their survival capacity is much easier than the
former.
It should be noted that when leadership creates a turbulent
work environment, moral drops, production decreases and the prospects for survival
as well diminish. Most of the studies conducted in Nigeria have focused on the
relationship between motivation and productivity (e.g. Egwu, 992) but have
rarely contemplates on the relations between leadership and organizational
effectiveness.
Meanwhile, in most organizations, the quality of management
is often measured by the quality of work output and the margin of profit.
However, different leadership styles are required for different work situations
and sometimes they vary in the nature of ownership. Leadership entails
harnessing the potentials of available manpower and material resources in such
a way that organizational objectives are achieved and sustained.
VITA FOAM Limited is a service and profit oriented
organization, owned by some individuals. Such similar study has not been
carried out as to determine how leadership influences it.
The current study therefore intends to examine the impact of
leadership on the performance of this private sector organization.
Research Questions
i) What is
the perception of staff in VITA FOAM Limited about effective leadership and its
impact on organizational effectiveness?
ii) Are there
gender and educational differences in perception of effectiveness of leadership
in VITA FOAM Limited?
1.3 Objectives of
the Study
This study is intended to satisfy the task of those seeking
knowledge and the importance of leadership towards the achievement of organizational
goals and objectives.
The overall objective of this project is to:
i) Identify
the environment in which the organization operates, the outcome of the work
environment and how leadership activities contribute to the achievement of those
outcomes.
ii) To
appraise the different leadership theories in relation to employees and
organizational objectives as well as determine perception of the supervisory
management cadre in private sector organizations about effective leadership.
It is obvious that the primary objective of every
organization, is to provide consumers with goods and services at the right
time, place and price so as to satisfy them. Hence, effectiveness and
efficiency are the watch words.
In the final analysis, the write up will reveal that
democratic leaders tend to affect the employees more positively than
authoritative leaders, while authoritative leaders tend to achieve production
target better than democratic leaders. However, organizations should ensure
that an effective leader with well equipped and trained staffs, should manned
the affairs of the firms so as to attain organizational effectiveness.
1.4 Statement of
Hypothesis
Hypothesis I
H0: Effective
leadership does not contribute to effectiveness and productivity of workers in
VITA FOAM Limited, Kaduna.
H1: Effective
leadership contributes to effectiveness and productivity in VITA FOAM Limited,
Kaduna.
1.5 Significance of
the Study
The significance of the study is that, that, it will serve as
an instrument for harnessing the impact of leadership in the achievement of
organizational effectiveness and objectives in the private sector i.e. VITA
FOAM Limited, Kaduna.
The outcome of this research would:
- Identify
aspects of the Nigeria work life that need to be influenced by planned and
exceptive management.
-
Highlights qualities that show effective leadership and are critical to
growth and development of private sector enterprise in Nigeria.
1.6 Scope of the
Study
The study was designed to cover VITA FOAM Limited Kaduna, a
caring and service organization among other private sectors. The study is to
cover the impact of leadership on organizational effectiveness in VITA FOAM
Limited, and also operation, procurement and finance unit.
1.7 Limitations of
the Study
Constraints encountered in the course of this study includes
finance and time, as the staffs of VITA FOAM Limited had little time to squeeze
out of their schedule of duty to attend to the researcher, and besides, not all
the staffs can be seen at the same time as some were on shifting duty and that
necessitated the researcher constantly coming around and that posed a serious
financial implication.
1.8 Historical
Background of the Case Study
VITA FOAM Limited was established in 1972 by VITA FOAMrine
from Lebanon. He was the sole owner and later went into VITA FOAM pipe, which
is a subsidiary of VITA FOAM. VITA FOAM limited is a company that specialize in
manufacturing different sizes of mattresses. In the year 2006, 65% of VITA FOAM
Limited shares were sold to Artistes a group of foreign investors, while 35%
was retained by VITA FOAMrine. The diversification and sold of 65% shares to
group of foreign inventors, was to provide the best product at affordable cost
to the general public or populace. Despite the changes in administrative set up
of the organization, it has continued to witness higher patronage. The reason
for this, is that the leadership has been efficient in its operation.
1.9 Definition of
Terms
Ø Leadership: The
act or process of influencing people to strive willingly and enthusiastically
towards the accomplishment of group goals.
Ø Management: The
process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals work
together in group to accomplish effectively selected aims and objectives.
Ø Efficiency:
Ability to work well without wasting time and resources.
Ø Impact: Strong
impression or effect of leadership on organizational effectiveness.
Ø Organization: A
structure or process in which persons interact for objectives or an enterprise
itself.
Ø Productivity:
Efficiency in the accomplishment of objectives.
Ø Performance: An
action or achievement considered in relation to how successful it is.
Ø Satisfaction:
Pleasure derived from doing one’s job.
Ø Behaviour:
Individual unique way of exhibiting his or her action.
Ø Democratic:
Consultative or participative type of group behvaviours.
Ø Junior Staff:
Workers on grade level 1 – 6 comprising of uneducated and those educated to
secondary school level.
Ø Senior Staff:
Workers on grade levels 7 and above.
Ø Manager: A person
who is in charge
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