INVESTIGATION ON THE STRATEGIES ENHANCING TEACHING AND LEARNING AND LEARNING SOCIAL STUDIES IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS
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INVESTIGATION ON THE
STRATEGIES ENHANCING TEACHING AND LEARNING AND LEARNING SOCIAL STUDIES IN
JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The basic objective or goal of teaching at any level of
education is to bring a fundamental change on the learner (Tebabal &
Kahssay, 2011). To enhance the process of knowledge transmission, teachers are
advised to apply appropriate teaching methods that best suit specific goals and
purposes. In the traditional epoch, many teaching practitioners widely applied
teacher-centered methods to impart knowledge to learners as against
student-centered methods. Until today, questions about the effectiveness of
teaching methods on student learning ability have consistently raised
considerable interest in the thematic field of educational research (Hightower,
2011). Moreover, research on teaching and learning constantly endeavour to
examine the extent to which different teaching methods especially the
discussion method of teaching enhance growth in student learning. Quite
remarkably, regular poor academic performance by the majority students is
fundamentally linked to application of ineffective teaching methods by teachers
to impact knowledge to learners (Adunola, 2011). Substantial research on the
effectiveness of teaching methods indicates that the quality of teaching is
often reflected by the academic achievements of learners. According to Ayeni
(2011), teaching is a process that involves bringing about desirable changes in
learners so as to achieve specific outcomes. In order for the method used for
teaching to be effective, Adunola (2011) maintains that teachers need to be
conversant with numerous teaching strategies especially the discussion method
of teaching that take recognition of the magnitude of complexity of the
concepts to be covered.
There have been debates over time to establish whether teaching
is a skill or an art. Some students believe in their teacher's performance as
quite brilliant, others get motivated and excited with the presentation and
teaching. For some others, their teachers bore them making the lesson dry hard
and leaving them more confused. All of these enthusiasms and opinions are
eventually translated into students' learning ability. However, what is
pertinent in teaching and learning is the ability to apply skills to the art of
teaching with sole objective of enhancing learning. A blend of skills and art
in teaching is also manifested in clearly structure lessons and manner of
presentation. A teacher who can effectively do this is an active constructor of
learning, who can, and should transmit knowledge, but should allow students
voices to be heard as contributing members of class. This is typical in a
discussion class. The teacher teaches, asks questions, and in doing so, he
hears his voice. But he does not stop at that. In hearing his own voice, he
begins to appreciate the need to hear the voices of those he teaches. This
elicits a more participatory teaching, which can stimulate imaginative and
conceptual thinking amongst students.
STATEMENT OF THE GENERAL PROBLEM
The poor performance of secondary school students in both internal
and external examinations has been a cause for serious concerns with many
questioning the teaching method adopted in teaching which in most cases are not
students friendly which at the end of the day results to poor or average
performances as a result of difficulty in learning as regards the teaching
methods adopted in secondary schools. These continuous poor performances have
resulted to the poor development of secondary schools in Nigeria.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The major aim of the study is to examine the effectiveness of
discussion method in teaching and learning of social studies in selected junior
secondary schools in Nigeria. Other specific objectives of the study include;
To examine the teaching methods adopted in selected junior
secondary schools in Nigeria.
To determine the influence of teaching methods on students
academic performances in social studies.
To assess the importance of adopting friendly teaching method
in teaching social studies in junior secondary schools.
To recommend ways of further improving students learning
ability in junior secondary schools in Nigeria.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
What are the teaching methods adopted in selected junior
secondary schools in Nigeria?
What is the effect of teaching methods on students’ academic
performances in social studies?
What is the importance of adopting friendly teaching method
in teaching social studies in junior secondary schools?
What are the ways of further improving students learning
ability in junior secondary schools in Nigeria?
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
H0: Discussion method of teaching social studies does not
have an effect on students learning ability and academic performance.
H1: Discussion method of teaching social studies has an
effect on students learning ability and academic performance.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study would be of immense importance to the development
of secondary schools and also in enhancing students learning ability as it
would reveal the effectiveness of discussion method in teaching and learning
social studies in Nigeria. The research would also be beneficial to students,
researchers and scholars who are interested in developing further research on
the subject matter.
SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The work is restricted to the effectiveness of discussion
method in teaching and learning of social studies in some selected junior
secondary schools in gwagwalada area council in Abuja.
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