FACTORS AFFECTING STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN BUSINESS EDUCATION IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION
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FACTORS AFFECTING
STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN BUSINESS EDUCATION IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL
CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of
the Study
Education as the key to development has the capacity to
upgrade teaching effectiveness as well as learning efficiency among learners.
Efforts by have being made by school administrators to improve the performance
of Public secondary school students. The school environment, which include the
classrooms, libraries, technical workshops, laboratories, teachers’ quality,
school management, teaching methods, peers, etc are variables that affect
students’ academic achievement (Ajayi, 2001 and Oluchukwu, 2000). Hence, the school environment remains an
important area that has to studied and well managed to enhance students’
academic performance.
According to Jam
(2009) academic performance is the ability to study and remember facts
and being able to communicate your knowledge verbally or on paper. In other
words, academic performance refers to how students deal with their studies and
how they cope with or accomplish different tasks given to them by their
teachers. Academic performance generally
refers to how well a student is accomplishing his or her tasks or studies.
There are quite a number of factors that determine the level and quality of
students' academic performance. (Scottk, 2002).
According to Hussain (2006) secondary school students in
public schools often come from economically poor and average income families.
These families face various problems causing emotional disturbance among their
children. This singular factor has caused serious damage to the achievement
status to secondary school students.
Achievement is generally a pedagogical terminology used while
determining learners’ success in formal education and which is measured through
reports examinations, researches, and ratings with numerous factors of
variables exerting influence. Essentially, the National Policy on education
(Federal Republic of Nigeria, 2004) has identified school achievement contents
according to school subjects which are classified as core or elective subjects.
Although studies abound on the causative and predictive nature of factors of
study habit on students academic achievement. all factors or variables tend to
focus on poor study habit while the effects are yet to be fully accessed on the
nations educational development. The issue of poor academic performance of
students in Nigeria has been of much concern to the government, parents,
teachers and even student themselves. The quality of education not only depends
on the teachers as reflected in the performance of their duties, but also in
the effective coordination of the school environment (Ajao 2001). The issue of
poor academic performance of students in Nigeria has been of much concern to
all and sundry. The problem is so much that it has led to the widely acclaimed
fallen standard of education in Delta State and Nigeria at large. The quality
of education depends on the teachers as reflected in the performance of their
duties.
Over time pupils’ academic performance in both internal and
external examinations had been used to determine excellence in teachers and teaching
(Ajao 2001). Teachers have been shown to have an important influence on
students’ academic achievement and they also play a crucial role in educational
attainment because the teacher is ultimately responsible for translating policy
into action and principles based on practice during interaction with the
students (Afe 2001). Both teaching and learning depends on teachers: no wonder
an effective teacher has been conceptualized as one who produces desired
results in the course of his duty as a teacher (Uchefuna 2001).
Considering governments’ huge investment in public education,
its output in terms of quality of students have been observed to be unequal
with government expenditure. In Nigeria, there are so many factors influencing
the ability of students to cultivate effective and efficient study habit.
Ozmert (2005) emphasized the importance of environmental influence as a major
factor in the development of students studying habit. In the same vein,
Adetunji and Oladeji (2007) submit that the environment of most children is not
conducive for studying; it is in the light of this that made some parents to
prefer their children to go to boarding school for proper discipline and to
inculcate better reading habit.
1.2 Statement of the
problem
The increasing nature of poor academic performance of public
secondary school students especially in external examinations like WAEC or
JAMB, tend to shift the blame on the teaching methodology adopted by the
teachers and lack of fund from the government to provide quality textbooks.
However, these might not be the main reasons why students perform poorly in
examinations. It is clear from all indications that most secondary school
students have poor study habit which might lead to poor academic performance.
It is yet to gather adequate research evidence to prove that
it is a key factor on why students fail. Emphasizing the importance of school
environment to students academic performance,
Oluchukwu, (2000) asserted school environment is an essential
aspect of educational planning. The scholar went further to explain that unless
schools are well suited, buildings adequately constructed and equipment
adequately utilized and maintained, much teaching and learning may not take
place. The high levels of students’ academic performance may not be guaranteed
where instructional space such as classrooms, libraries, technical workshops
and laboratories are structurally defective. However, little is known on the
impact of school environment on students’ academic performance in an urban city
like Rivers State. It was agreed that inadequate provision of equipment in
public secondary school. It is based on the above stated problems that the
study on assessment of factors responsible for students academic performance in
public secondary schools became necessary for investigation.
1.3 Purpose of the
Study
The major purpose of
this study was to assess the factors responsible for students academic
performance in public secondary school. Specifically the study is:
i. To examine the
factors Responsible for student’s academic performance in public Secondary
Schools.
il. To examine the
influence of human resources on students’ academic performance in secondary
schools.
iii. To determine
the influence of financial resources on students' academic performance in
secondary schools.
iv. To establish the
influence of physical resources on students’ academic performance in secondary
schools.
v. To determine how
learning techniques influence the students' academic performance in secondary
schools.
vi. To examine the
challenges for student’s academic performance in Public Secondary Schools.
1.4 Research
Questions
The study was guided
on the following research questions.
i. What is the
influence of human resources on students’ academic performance in public
secondary schools?
ii. How does a
financial resource influence the students' academic performance in public
secondary schools?
iii. To what extent
does physical resource influence students’ academic performance in public
secondary schools?
iv. How does
learning techniques influence the students' academic performance in secondary
schools?
v. What are the
challenges that affect student’s academic performance in Public Secondary
Schools?
1.5 Research
Hypotheses
The following hypotheses guided the study:
1. There is no
significant relationship between the factors Responsible for student’s academic
performance in public Secondary Schools.
2. There is no
significant relationship between the challenges for student’s academic
performance in Public Secondary Schools.
1.6 Significance
of the Study
This study will be used to students researchers, scholars,
educationists who use it for further studies. It is hoped that this study will
provide information for parents, educators and school administrators to reflect
upon various factors that help students in achieving their academic goals. In
so doing, they can investigate the possibility of introducing those factors to
their school, which may consequently lead to enhancing students’ educational
outcomes in school. This study provides a valuable reference for other schools
to reflect upon the school environment as it affect the academic performance of
student in secondary school. It will serve as resource materials for others who
want to carry out research in related field.
1.7 Scope of the
Study
This research work focuses on the factors responsible for
students academic performance in public secondary school in Rivers State. This
research work covers all public secondary schools students in Rivers State.
1.8 Operational
Definition of terms
Academic performance: This refers to the performance that
falls within specified standard. Study habit: This is a behaviour style that is
systematically formed by students towards learning and achievement.
Study skills: These are peculiar strategies developed by the
students in studying.
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