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LEADERSHIP AND ITS
EFFECT ON PERFORMANCE, ACHIEVEMENT AND GOAL REALIZATION
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Out of the twenty three (23) local government councils in
Kaduna State none has met the expectations and aspirations of the electorate
who voted them into office. Some people blamed the disappointment on the
council leaders. Studies in leadership is as controversial as the concept
itself. At the local government level there are numerous leaders. The Local government
chairman is a leader, just as the Director of Human Resources. The Treasurer is
a leader just as the Director of works. Nobody will declare the Head Driver,
the Head of security, the Head Messenger etc as non-leaders. They are all
leaders in their own rights.
Even if this research is concerned mainly with political
leaders it may seek to find out if leaders are born or made. In other worlds,
is good leadership a product of appropriate training or talent from God? For
instance, is Muritala Mohammed good leadership a product of his training? Is
Obafemi Awolowo’s credible leadership as premier of the defunct Western Region
a reflection of his training? President Nelson Mandela spend 22 years in
prison. After was this the outcome of his training while in detention?
This research will try to establish the role of fund,
personnel, cooperation, fellowship and of course, leadership in the delivery of
dividends of democracy at the gross roots level.
1.2 BACKGROUND OF
THE STUDY
This study on the relationship between LEADERSHIP AND ITS
EFFECTS ON PERFORMANCE, ACHIEVEMENT AND GOAL REALIZATION is carried on at the
Kaduna South Local government as a case study. There are many theories and
principles on leadership styles and their application in organized private set
like banking, manufacturing, industry etc. Can these also apply and work out
the same way in a politically influenced and controlled like the local
government particularly in a federation such as Nigeria?
In carrying out any collective task leadership is a major
element which bring about either success or failure leadership plays central
role in offering direction and purpose towards achieving set goals of an
organization including Kaduna South Local ;government. It is also an important
element in the social relationship of groups of work. Leadership is the main
factor that determines and sharpens group behaviour especially when it is
correctly applied. In his approach, each employee enjoys a feeling of strong
commitment and dedication towards achieving organizational goals. Regardless of
inequality of members of staff appropriate leadership style can serve as a
maginet drawing every body to the centre there by providing a formidable
workforce. As the saying goods unity is strength.
However, Kaduna South Local government goals can never be
achieved without proper leadership style in place. It is important not that the
effective performance of an individual employee is a function of both his
personal characteristics and the individual environment. A careful
consideration of knowledge, skills, experience, attitude and motivation of an
employee enhance maximum productivity and efficiency in the job. Since
leadership deals with the human resource element, it provides the basis for
effective utilization of material resources in an organization through
individual skills, know ledge and ability.
According to Merenu (1988) Leadership is the most influential
person in an organization who provides direction, guides, group activities and
ensure that group objectives are obtained. Leadership is the life wire of an
organization. Douglas Mc Gregor theory X and theory Y is of the view that
leaders, attitude towards subordinates has a large influence on how such
workers behave both on the job and towards their leader. It is how ever
important to note that no single leadership style is likely to be effective in
all circumstances. Leadership styles vary based on social political environment
and other circumstances.
Finally, an effective leader is measured by his ability to
manage and withstand forces around him and how to effectively utilize human and
material resources to ATTAIN ORGANIZATIONAL OBJECTIVE. DOUGAS MCGREGOR, put it
clear that there is a close relationship between leaders’ expectation and the
resulting performances of the subordinates.
A pertinent question which this research seeks to answer is
“can leadership style enhance or hinder the delivery of dividends of democracy
at the local government level.”
1.3 STATEMENT OF
THE PROBLEM
The problem identified by the researcher is the perceived
poor service delivery by the various Local Government councils in Nigeria.
Many Nigerians are dissatisfied with performances of Local
Governments in the country. It could be assessed that more than 80% of the 774
Local government councils in Nigeria have nothing to show for their existence
in terms of executing public policies within their areas of jurisdiction,
especially from 1999 to 2011. This research is therefore set out to investigate
factors which are responsible for poor or low productivity in Kaduna south
local government area.
Several factors are suspected to be responsible for this
political factor such as shortage of fund and qualified staff, state government
interference etc. however this study picked one of the factors, leadership. One
thinks that of all the factors promoting high productivity or satisfactory
delivery of dividends of democracy, leadership is the most important.
This is so, because, he has to combine, control and direct
all other factors to achieve the set objectives. In other worlds, this work
wishes to isolate concentrate on local government political leader and his
administrative style with the view to identifying the degree or level of his
contribution to the delivery or non-delivery of dividend of democracy from year
2000 to 2010 in Kaduna south local government area of Kaduna state.
1.4 OBJECTIVES OF
THE STUDY
The purpose of the study is to find out how leadership styles
are being used in Kaduna South local government. In this aspect specific objectives
include.
i. To identify
the different leadership styles and their relationship with employee
productivity
ii. To determine
the relationship between leadership style and employee motivation.
iii. To ascertain
the effects of leadership styles on community cooperation and good
will.
iv. To examine the
contribution of leadership styles to dividend of democracy delivery.
v. To investigate
the contribution of leadership style to industry harmony and esprit decors in
Kaduna South Local Government area.
1.5 HYPOTHESES
Ho: There is no significant relationship between leadership
and level of delivery of dividend of democracy at the local government level.
Hi: There is
significant relationship between leadership and level of delivery of budget
implementation (estimate) at the local government.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF
THE STUDY
In the words of Asika (1991).A project of this nature is to
give opportunity to the local government to assess itself on their leadership
style and their impact on employee productivity in its area. The research work
is aimed at improving employee productivity thorough the adoption of various
leadership styles.
In addition this study will also provide basis for workers to
enjoy a feeling of strong commitment and dedication towards achieving dividend
of democracy through close relationship between leadership expectation and the
resulting performances of the workers in Kaduna South Local Government.
There study will also be of immense benefit to various
stockholders in the field of leadership which includes students, government
agencies, organizations and individuals by serving as point of references in
the course of their study and work.
The finding will also old to the knowledge of the problems
militating against local government performances including inter-government
relationship that is to say the state leader (Governor) and the local
government leader (Chairman).
Finally it will prove to the local government chairman that
as a political leader at the grassroots level he was elected to carryout public
policies at the local government at the local government level within available
human and material resources.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE
STUDY
According to Yusuf (1996) one aspect in research study that
gives beginners problems is how to decide the scope of the study.
The scope is the extent of work the research intends to
carryout: that is the margin of the coverage of the research work in terms of
phenomena to be examined and the number of subject required to provide useful
information about object of the study.
The scope of this research is one local government out of 23
local governments in Kaduna state. The time frame covers the period 2000 to
2010. The study centers in the concept of leadership style and their impact on
public service delivery. The study covers ten (10) years of democratic local
government rule.
If excludes the period of military administration, but it
covers political leader who were elected as well as those who were appointed as
caretaker chairman by the state governor.
Since leadership also affects the happiness and morale of
workers the researcher will examine the condition of service of the local
government staff.
The research concentrates on political leaders with little
reference to other traditional, religious, social leaders in the area of study.
1.8 LIMITATION OF
THE STUDY
(i). Kaduna South
Local Government: The limitation of this research in the 22 local governments
which are not covered in this study. The study does not cover all the years
since the creation of Kaduna South Local Government.
(ii). Time: There is
inadequacy of time due to assignments and tests giving to the researcher.
(iii). Finance: There
is shortage of fund because the researcher is self sponsored and after paying
all other fees there is no sufficient money to finance work adequately.
(iv). Chairmen: It
is also limited to the various local government Chairmen that have manage the affair
of the Local government within the ten years under study.
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