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FEEDBACK MECHANISM AS A
TOOL IN DETERMINING PROGRAMMING
TABLE OF CONTENT
Chapter One (Introduction)
I Background of study
Ii statement of research
Iii Objective of study
Iv Significance of study
V Research question
Vi Research hypotheses
Vii Conceptual and operational definition
Viii Assumptions
Ix Limitation of study
Chapter Two
Review of literature
I Sources of literature
Ii The review
Iii Summary of literature review
Chapter Three
Methodology
I Research method
Ii Research design
Iii Research sample
Iv Measuring instrument
V Data collection
Vi Data analysis
Vii Expected result
Chapter four `
Data analysis and results
I Data analysis
Ii Results
Iii General recommendation and discussion
Chapter Five
Summary and Recommendation for further study
I Summary
Ii Recommendation for further study
Bibliography
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
I BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
Communication by definition is a two way process. It is an
international experience between a communicator at one end and audience, the
receiver or destination, at the other. A piece of communicated message that is
not received by its targets audience is an exercise in futility.
Obviously,
communication has remained the most important means of socialization. Need we
say more before we understand that communication is very vital for man to
success? The free flow on information, ideas and values from the source to the
receiver is now made more effective due to improved communication gadgets. In
the chain of communication, the message from the source to the receiver has
been given very serious attention while feedback has been utterly neglected.
Feedback in
communication is a product of the receivers’ reaction to messages received from
eh source of mass media. Feedback can come in various forms, through
face-to-face interaction like interviews, through telephone calls, or through
the mail. Letters in the form of feedback expressing commendations suggestions,
condemnations and criticisms, usually come from any angle, ranging from
presentation patterns, presenter or general organization patters, or subjects
talked about.
Whenever
feedback arises from the receiver, conveying either strong or mind criticism,
suggestions, and commendations, are thing that is sure is desired change. Now
the question is how do the media mergers react to feedback? Do they make use of
suggestions put across by the receivers?
From all
indications, feedback is a very important yardstick for measuring audience
acceptance of and participation in programmes and messages from the source. A
very important element would be missing if feedback were omitted from the basic
structure of communication, which contains sender, message, channel and
receiver.
When
messages are sent, it is usually a mental or physical, verbal and or non-verbal
process of response by the receiver that indicates whether the message is
understood and shared.
This
response is called “feedback”.
Ii STATEMENT
OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
Feedback in broadcasting is an essential as the original
message. Daily, volumes of messages are sent, out through the radio, thousands,
even millions of copies are gathered for future transactions, censored and
uncensored,, cajoled into forming burdening on state security, general well
being even international proportions. Other times the listener is saddled with
unsolicited information, his privacy is invaded and disturbed. And the media,
they claim, are only performing their duty an obligation to inform, educate and
entertain the listener.
A perfectly
normal thing, except that media operatives do not bother to think beyond this
stage of study to the stage of feedback and its importance.
Operative’s
very rarely try to feedback the question on te essence of feedback or think
about its relevance to broadcasting.
Furthermore, there is one general view that very little use is made of
feedback the listener is continually bombarded with materials and presentations
that the listener considers irrelevant to his immediate comfort, environment,
state of mind and stations.
Also, that unpopular presenters and programmes are never
changed. Conclusively, the notion is that little consideration is given to
audience preference in programming.
The
question this study seeks to answer therefore is: Does feedback bring about
change in programming? If so, to what extent? Definite answers to this question
or even an impartial attempt at answering it as candidly as possible would go a
long way in enhancing the value of feedback in broadcasting.
Iii OBJECTIVES
OF THE STUDY
Since inception in Nigeria, the FM broadcasting has continued
to take the lead in entertainment charts. Opening new frontier for an
ever-increasing opportunities for listeners, advertisers and media operators.
The medium
offers media operative a wonderful avenue for the exhibition of professionalism
per excellence. It also provide advertisers the medium for products reach and
awareness of their products while for he listeners, it affords him recreation
and at the same time allowing him an opportunity through feedback to
exercise his basic right of choice and
preference.
The
numerous gains and or effectiveness of FM broadcasting cannot be isolated from
the basic element of broadcasting as a while. These elements on their own are
incomplete without the inclusion of feedback mechanism, of educating informing
and entertaining the public. This study win furnish them with better
understanding of the role in the society and the place of value which feedback
should as a matter of necessity occupy in the broadcasting.
Iv SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
This study will be significant to three groups of people in
the society:
The listeners
Broadcasters and media managers and
Mass communication students.
To the listener who is the ultimate consumer of media message
and whose reaction and attitude towards broadcasting messages are under
analysis, this study will provide answers to question which mechanisms, it
working in FM broadcasting.
For the
operatives, this study will have an unbiased focus on their success and
failures in the areas of educating informally and entertaining and failure in
this assignment based on in effective use of feedback as a yardstick for
determining audience participation and the effectiveness of communicated
messages. This study will also point areas of lapses and suggest measures of
improvement.]
On the part
of mass communication students, the study will ai m at putting them on a sound
footing for the chosen carrier or think its relevance to broadcasting.
There is a general misconception that very
little use is made of feedback, the media managers always run the risk of
bombarding and disturbing the listeners comfort, state of mind with programme
packages which the listeners deems irrelevant. Also programmes and presenters
remain unchanged. One may at this point say that the listener does not have
choice as to the pattern and style of programming. The question, which this
study seeks to answer, therefore is:
Does feedback bring about changes in programming? If yes, to
what extent?
Definite and impartial answer to this question will surely go
a long way in improving the value of feedback mechanism in broadcasting.
V RESEARCH
QUESTION
Is feedback mechanism used in evaluating FM stations
programming?
Does effective feedback mechanism help in enhancing audience
participation in FM station programming?
Does feed back mechanism help managers in programme
packaging?
Vi RESEARCH
HYPOTHESES
H1- Feedback mechanism tends to be used in evaluating FM stations
programming.
H0- Feedback mechanism is not used in evaluating FM stations
programming.
H2- Effective feedback mechanism tends to enhance audience
participation n FM stations programmes.
H0- There is no difference in the enhancement of audience
participation with or without feedback mechanism.
H3- Feedback tend to help media managers in programme
packaging.
H0- Feedback mechanism does not make any difference to media mangers in programme packaging.
H4- Feedback mechanism tends to help assessing programme
performance.
H0- Feedback mechanism does not make any difference in the
assessment of programme performance.
Vii CONCEPTUAL AND OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
CONCEPTUAL: Remarks about or in answer to an action process
using an arrangement or process of a machine.
OPERATIONAL: This is audience reaction to the progrmmes of
ESBS 2 FM through letters to the organization.
EVALUATING:
CONCEPTUAL: Calculating or judging the value or degree of an
action or process.
OPERATIONAL: To analyze the degree of programme performance
based on audience performance and acceptance.
Frequency modulation (FM) station:
CONCEPTUAL: A broadcasting station whose system of
broadcasting is usually on VHF, in which electric signal that carries sound
waves has a wave that is always of the same straight but comes at a varying
number of times per second, provided very clear words and music for the
listener.
OPERATIONAL: The Enugu State Broadcasting Service FM station.
PROGRAMMING:
CONCEPTUAL: A complete plan showing performance one made up
of several different parts.
OPERATIONAL: Programme plan for a certain period of times as
would be broadcast on as ESBS2FM is effected by audience choice, preference and
the management decision.
Viii ASSUMPTIONS:
It was assumed in this study that age, occupation and
educational background are no prerequisites to listening to the radio since the
respondents did not make these available, they were not considered.
Also the
other assumptions were also made:
Feedback mechanism is used to evaluate FM stations
programming.
Effective feedback mechanism enhances audience participation
in FM stations programming.
Feedback mechanism help in assessing programme performance.
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