EFFECT OF BUSINESS STRESS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SMALL SCALE ENTERPRENUER (A STUDY OF SELECTED BUSINESSES IN LAGOS STATE)
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EFFECT OF BUSINESS
STRESS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SMALL SCALE ENTERPRENUER (A STUDY OF SELECTED
BUSINESSES IN LAGOS STATE)
ABSTRACT
This research tends to examine the effect of business stress
on the performance of small scale enterprenuer with scope covering One hundred
business owners across Lagos State.
A survey design was employed, with the use of simple random
sampling technique one hundred business owners were sampled in Lagos state.
Data were gathered with the used of a well structured
questionnaire which were distributed to one hundred business owners. These data
were analysed and presented on table in percentile.
Five hypotheses were formulated and tested with the use of
Chi-Square analysis.The analysis resulted to rejecting all null hypotheses and
accepting the five hypotheses.
It was concluded that there is significant relationship
between business stress and business performance, there is significant
relationship between business stress and work motivation and there is
significant relationship between business stress and marital status.
Recommendations were poffered to these business owners.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Statement of
the Problem
1.3 Objectives of
the Study
1.4 Research
Questions
1.5 Research Hypotheses
1.6 Research
Methodology
1.7 Significance
of the Study
1.8 Scope of the
Study
1.9 Limitations
of the Study
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1
Introduction
2.2 Work
Motivation and the Performance of Small Business Entrepreneurs
2.2.1 Theories of
Motivation
2.2.1.1 Content Theories of MotivationProcess Theories of
Motivation
2.2.3 What Motivates
Employees
2.2.4 Methods of
Motivation
2.3 Social
Support and the Performance of Small Business Entrepreneurs
2.3.1 Forms of Social
Support
2.4Unmet Expectations and the Performance of Small Business
Entrepreneurs
2.5
Professional Conditions and the Performance of Small Business
Entrepreneurs
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1
Introduction
3.2 Research
Design
3.3
Population and Sampling of the Study
3.4 Research
Instrument
3.5 Method of
Data Collection
3.6 Method of Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
OF RESULTS
4.0
Introduction
4.2 Descriptive
Frequency Analysis of the Instrument
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2
Conclusion
5.3
Recommendation
References
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
This study focus on how stress affects the performance of
small business entrepreneurs in Nigeria. Before now, entrepreneurs have been
recognized as an essential ingredient of economic development. The manner it
has been explained in the Western societies has varied from time to time to suit
the changing values of socio-economic reality.
To Schumpeter (1961), an entrepreneur is a dynamic agent of
change, or the catalyst who transformed increasingly physical natural and human
resources into corresponding production possibilities. For any economy to grow
and develop there is need for entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship has been
defined as the willingness and ability of an individual to seek out investment
opportunities, establish and run an enterprise successfully. Over the years,
several attempts have been made to explain economic growth, within the past
three decades or so, one factor which has been emphasized as a pre-requisite to
economic growth is entrepreneurship.
In the context of our society, an entrepreneur will be
assumed to include any person who runs a business. Thus, the man who owns a
departmental store, bookshop, beer parlour, printing press, beauty saloon,
publisher, manufacturer, wholesaler, retailer etc is an entrepreneur
(Nwachukwu, 1990) small and medium scale business owners in this country have
on their own made immense contribution to the development of the national
economy over the year.
On the other hand, despite the contributions made by
entrepreneurs to the economy they are often faced with some problems which
include:
v High Degree of Business Uncertainty: Entrepreneurship
development is faced with high level of uncertainty associated with enterprise
ownership, there is constant threat of government interventions, political
instability and degrees etc. Because of these, one has to expect changes in
monetary policy, credit policy, etc.
v Limited Profit Opportunities: This is as a result of low
level of real income and limited market, even now, the situation is the same
with economic depression and most business enterprise are folding up because
they cannot break even what more making profit.
v Problem of Power Supply: Power failure possesses a lot of
problem for entrepreneurs which make them spend more for alternative resources.
v Insufficient Capital: Most entrepreneurs find it difficult
to borrow from banks, because of the processes involved and because of this
reasons, he/she has limited resources to work with.
Other problem encountered by entrepreneurs include family
problem, emotional problem, work overload, cultural barrier, work insecurity,
work pressure, high cost of materials etc.
All these and lots more causes problem for small scale
business owners which might lead to stress. The effect of stress in the work
place can be sometimes serve that same researchers have been prompted to equate
it effect with “combat stress” or battle fatigue.” (Nelson et al). stress
lowers individual and organisational performance which lead to both production
and quality suffering (Nelson and Quick, 1996).
1.2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Stress in the workplace is a growing problem with extensive
cost to individual, organisations and the society at large. Often times, small
business owners are faced with high level of stress, this is because work and
its demand often dominate their lives (Jamal, 1997), clear separation between work
and non-work activities are frequently non-existence, moreover, an average work
day can easily extend to 12 hours or longer (Jamal and Badawi, 1995).
Although many industrialised nations and their citizens might
be enjoying the frit of their industrial revolution through ever-higher
standard of labour they are enjoying these fruits less than was anticipated.
This may be due to large measure to the excessive level of stress in their
lives (Karasek et al.,) stress is widely accepted as a potential drawback of
small business owners (Akande, 1992 et al).
Therefore, this study will examine how stress affect the
performance of small business entrepreneurs and also evaluate the problems
associated with stress in business and probably suggest solutions.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The objectives for this study include:
v To determine the impact of business stress on the
performance of small business entrepreneurs.
v To determine the impact of work motivation on the
performance of small business entrepreneurs.
v To determine the impact of social support on the
performance of small business entrepreneurs
v To determine the impact of collegiality on the performance
of small business entrepreneurs
v To determine the effect of unmet expectation on the
performance of small business entrepreneurs
v To determine the impact of autonomy in the performance of
small business entrepreneurs.
1.4 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
This research would be guided by the following questions, and
hypothesis
· How does
stress affect the performance of small scale business?
· How often do
you experience business stress?
· What are the
causes of business stress?
· What measure
can be taken to over-come business stress?
· How do
businessstress contribute to the failure of Small-scale businesss?
· In what way
does stress affect ones performance?
1.5 RESEARCH
HYPOTHESES
To provide answer to the research questions arising from this
study, the following hypotheses are postulated.
Hypothesis One
Ho: There is no
significant relationship between business stress and business performance
H1: There is
significant relationship between business stress and business performance
Hypothesis Two
Ho: There is no
significant relationship between business stress and negative affectivity
H1: There is
significant relationship between business stress and negative affectivity
Hypothesis Three
Ho: There is no
significant relationship between business stress and work motivation
H1: There is
significant relationship between business stress and work motivation
Hypothesis Four
Ho: There is no
significant relationship between business stress and marital status
H1: There is
significant relationship between business stress and marital status
Hypothesis Five
Ho: There is no
significant relationship between business stress and the numbers of years in
business.
H1: There is
significant relationship between business stress and the numbers of years in
business
1.6 RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
The study is based on primary data collected using a
structured questionnaire which was
basically structured questions relating to the objectives use study. Chi-square
was being employed to analyse the information collected.
1.7SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Numerous studies has explored the causes of occupational
stress and these include: the pressures,
job dissatisfaction, job insecurity, poor supervision, boring repetitive work,
work over load, lack of communication, too much or too little responsibility,
poor work/life balance etc (Kaal, 1973).
Little is known on how work motivation, social support and collegiality
help to reduce the impact of stress on performance of small business
entrepreneurs, and how unmet expectation also affects their performance.
This research therefore helps to advance the researchers
knowledge in respect to the topic and also enable her contribute to the finding
of solution to the problem for which the research is based.
1.8SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of the study is limited to some particular
businesses such as the Mechanical/Autorical, Transport Service, Business
Venture/Bulk Sales (Antisan). This is to say that the study is restricted to
some selected workers and some business eexecutive in Yaba Area of Lagos State,
Nigeria.
1.9LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
In the course of the study, there were some set backs that
have hindered the full realisation of the objective of this study. First, is that the study is limited to only
100 business owners compared to the large number of entrepreneurs in LagosState.
Also, there was a poor response by some entrepreneurs
especially the Transport Service who less believe in paper work and therefore
fail to fill their questionnaires promptly, while some collected the
questionnaires and refuse to return them thereby reducing the total number of
questionnaires distributed.
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