EFFECT OF CONFLICT MANAGEMENT ON ORGANIZATION EFFECTIVENESS ( A CASE STUDY OF LAGOS STATE UNIVERSITY, OJO)
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EFFECT OF CONFLICT
MANAGEMENT ON ORGANIZATION EFFECTIVENESS ( A CASE STUDY OF LAGOS STATE
UNIVERSITY, OJO)
ABSTRACT
The purpose for carrying out this research is to find out the
cause and effect of conflict on organizational effectiveness in Lagos State
University, Ojo. This study will reveal that individual worker's response to
directive towards achievement of organizational goals is a complex factor.
Conflict management forms the bedrock for peaceful
coexistence between employer and employees. The facts remain that conflict is
inevitable in any organization. Therefore, the extent to which an organization
is able to forge ahead in spite of this necessary unavoidable constraint will
depend much on the style of human resources managers, on whose onus rests the
arduous ask of conflict management. Lagos State University is not an exception
in is regard since it has been established that prevention of crisis is better
than managing and or resolving them.
The survey research redesigned was employed in this study and
the questionnaire was the major research instrument used in this study. Various
statistical tools were used in analyzing the collected data, such as, simple
percentage analysis for data presentation and Chi-square for testing
hypothesis.
Results of the statistical analysis provide solution to the
research objectives, questions and the research hypothesis. Thus, conflict
management has effect ':In organizational effectiveness in Lagos State
University.
TABLE OF CONTENT
PAGES
Title page
i
Certification
ii
Dedication
iii
Acknowledgement
iv
Abstract
v
Table of contents
vi
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 Background Of
The Study
1.1 Historical
Background of Lagos State University (LASU)
1.2 Statement of the
Problem
1.3 Significance of
the study
1.4 Purpose of the study
1.5 Search question
1.6 Research
Hypothesis
1.7 Scope of the
study
1.8 Limitation of the study
1.9 Definition of
terms
1.10 Outline of the
research study
References
CHAPTER TWO
Literature review
2.0 Introduction
2.1 Nature and meaning of conflict
2.2 Type of
conflict
2.2.1 Vertical conflict
2.2.2 Horizontal conflict
2.2.3 Conflicts of interest
2.2.4 Conflict of right
2.3 Sources of
industrial conflict
2.3.1 Intangible causes/ sources
2.3.2 Tangible cause/ sources
2.3.3 Internal cause / sources
2.3.3.2 Shared resources
2.3.3.3 Task interdependence
2.3,3,4 Perceptions and values
2.3.3.5 Personal style and background
2.3.4 External causes / sources
2.3.4. Government Economic Policies
2.3.4.2 Large scale mis management
2.3.4.3 Political instability
2.4 Consequences or
effects of conflict on organization
2.4.1 Functional consequences of conflict
2.4.2 Dysfunctional consequences of conflict
2.4.3 Characteristic of negative or potentially negative
conflict
2.4.4.1 Characteristics of positive or potentially positive
conflict
2.5 Forms of
industrial protest
2.5.1 Definition of
strike
2.5.2 Types of strikes
2.5.3 Effects of strikes on organization
2.6 Conflict
management and resolution
2.6.1 Conflicts management styles
2.7 Procedure for
conflict settlement
2.71 Internal machinery of conflict settlement
2.7.2 External machinery of conflict settlement
2.7.2.1 Mediation
2.7.2.3 Conciliation
2.7.2.3 Arbitration panel
2.7.2.4 The industrial court
References
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0
Introduction
3.1 Nature of
research methods
3.2 Research
design
3.3 Population,
sample size and sample design
3.4 Research
instruments design and collection of responses
3.5 Test of validity
and reliability of research instrument
3.6 Methods of data
presentation and analysis
References
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION,ANALYSIS
AND INTERPRETATION
4.0 Introduction
4.1 Presentation of
data
4.2 Testing of
hypothesis
4.3 Interpretation
of the test
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS,RECOMMENDATION FOR FURTHER READINGS AND
CONCLUSIONS
5.0 Introduction
5.1 Summary of
Findings
5.2 Recommendation
based on research findings
5.3 Conclusion
5.4 Suggestion for
further reading
Bibliography
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
LO BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Conflict is an inevitable element of any labour - management
relationship. In work situation people are bound to have different interests
and aspirations which may tend to conflict with each other. Also in every
organization where people to different background have to interact in the
collective efforts towards achieving a common goal, conflict is bound to
ensure. This is because in addition to the common workplace his own personal
ambition which he earnestly desires to achieve alongside the organizational goal.
This individual goal or interest may not necessarily be compatible with that of
other members. Thus, there is clash of interest.
For example, management is often committed to pursuing a goal
of profit maximization through rationalization of economic decision and other
cost maximization policies. The workers, through their union want higher wages
are lucrative welfare package which tend to result in higher costs of doing
business to the management. Union wants effective participation in most factory
shop decision even at tl1e expense of encroaching on areas that fall
exclusively within the confinement of management prerogatives. Management
cannot, but resist these unwholesome moves. In the process conflict will ensure, therefore, it is obvious that
conflict is inherent in every organization irrespective of size, mission or
age. To this end organization (be it private or public) are perceived to always
assume that conflicts necessarily damage the relationship that exist within the work places. It is based on the fore goings that a
research study on measurement of conflicts effectiveness and efficiency became
a subject of interest.
1.1 HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND OF LAGOS STATE UNIVERSITY (LASU)
The Lagos state university was established on April 22nd 1983
via the statute of 1983. with the major objective of being the apex of the
educational system of the state, providing access to higher education for
citizens, providing innovative
educational programmes of high standard, conducting research and disseminating
their findings,. It was also established to become intellectual pursuit and
serves the factory of ideas by the then government a Alhaji Lateef Kayode
Jakande.
The university took off in 1984 with 342 students, with three
Faculties; Education, Law and Humanities, and Science. In 1989, it had 2,974
students, while the number increased in 1994 to 4,459 with 968 members staff
made up of 300 76 administrative technical and 492 junior staff.. The
population has grown to about 80,000 including Regular, Part-Time and Postgraduate students spread over eight
(8) Faculties listed as follows; .
· Faculty of Art
· Faculty of
Education
· Faculty of Law
· Faculty of
Management Sciences
· Faculty of
Science
· Faculty of Social
Science
· Faculty of
Engineering
· Faculty of
Medical Sciences
In addition, there is a School of Postgraduate Studies.
The university was conceived as a non-residential university.
It took over 139 hectares of hind which were previously the sites of Government
College Ojo,
Methodist Boy's High School (proposed) Ojo site, and
BUILDSPEC, an Engineering company, head it’s moved on Monday 19th December,
1983 from the old Lagos State Government Secretariat, Ikeja. Extra 800 hectares
of land were later added at Ojo. Currently, it operates as a multi-campus
university. The existing campus at Epe for Engineering Faculty and with the
Teaching Hospital and College of Medicine at Ikeja. The main campus and the
administrative headquarters remain at Ojo.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
It may seem that whenever two or more people are gathered,
there will be conflict. The efficacies of organizational conflict are myriad.
The problem of incessant industrial conflicts, disputes, strikes, lockouts, and
boycotts have generated much concern not only among employers of labour but
also employees themselves and other stakeholders-as well. The magnitude of the
adverse effects can well be understood when one considers the huge looses in
productivity, reduced profits, damages to organization's assets. The negative
impacts of such event is like "ill wind that how nobody good". All
parties are usually affected, employees in the areas of poor inter-personal
relationship between them and the management, and among themselves, loss of
pay, termination and dismissal form employment etc for the society potency for
social disorder, instability, of jobs and mass unemployment, which could a:Tect
the fulfillment of its obligation.
Given the reality as described above, it behooves but labour
and management to seek ways of coping and minimizing undesirable tensions and
conflicts, and its unpleasant consequences for this reason, it is pertinent
to look into the various effects of
industria1 conflict on the organizations, and approaches toward managing these
problems positively, so that their favourable impact measurement could be felt
on the effectiveness and efficiency of organizations.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The significance of this study can be viewed from two (2)
major standpoints. Practical and Academic:
a. Practical
Significance
This kind of study will assist In broadening the
understanding of the followings;
1. To employees in
general, it will further expose the relationship existing between conflicts
management and organizational effectiveness which will be of interest to them,
in their respective organization.
2. Specifically, to
staffs of the organization under study, it will expose to a large extent the
goings on in their establishment with regards to our relevant variables, and
comparative analysis of their actions over some years accordingly.
3. To policy makers
and management, it will present a scheme through its analysis that could assist
them in enunciating policies that will assist educational institution /
business establishments in not only to pursue their over riding objective of
profit making but also to remain relevant in the business for which they were
known, by performing such a function as good welfare pac1dige for workers,
among others.
4. To economic
watches and the interested public, it will provide some insight into the
conflict management strategies and approaches of business organizations in
Nigeria.
b.
Academic Significance
In the academic arena, this study will prove to be
significant.
1. It
will help in contributing to the enrichment of the literature on conflict and
conl1ict management.
2. It
will throw more light on the relationship, (Causative and ordinary) between
conflict and such other variable apart from organization's performance as
effectiveness and efficiently in Nigeria
3. It
will suggest ways (of interest to academics) based on empirical evidence of
enhancing the conflict management situation in Nigeria, bearing in mind that
improvement in the level of conflict resolution of organization in a country,
signifies that the country is partly developing or not.
4. The
study will also serve as a body reserved knowledge to be referred to by other
researcher who may want to pick and interest in their area of study.
1.4 PURPOSE OF
THE STUDY
The objectives of this research study are as follows;
1. To
gain insight into the various causes of organizational conl1icts.
2. To
assess the problem (if there is any) encountered by the organization in the
process of managing conflicts.
3. To
evaluate the factors that influence industrial conflicts' in business
organization
4. To
generally offer useful suggestions to wards improving the management of
industrial conflicts with within any business
organization.
5. To establish that conflict can be so managed,
to the extent that it Can also bring about organizational effectiveness and
efficiently in the work place, particularly, with references to LASU.
6. To
examine the impacts (be it positive or negative) of conflict on our selected
organization. The positive impacts will be applauded. While the negative
impacts condemned.
7. To
make workable and meaningful recommendations on how organizations can improve
on their conflicts prevention, and management to their benefits and
effectiveness, and that of the Nigerian economy at large.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS.
The research questions that will guide this study will
include;
1. To what extent
has effective conflicts management contributed to the realization of the goals,
objective vision and existence of organizations'?
2. What are the
factors responsible for industrial conflict in most business organizations?
3. Does any
relationship exist between the rate of conflict In an
Organization
and its image?
4. Of what
importance is the role of conflicts to the success and performance of business
organizations?
5. What could be
the resultant effect of regular industrial C0I1flicts to the
6. What are the
various approaches / methods available, for effective conflict management in
your organizations?
7. What is the
effect of organizational conflict on attitude behaviour and performance of
employees?
8. Can conflicts be
totally prevented or era9icated within the workplace
1.6 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
Two Hypotheses shall be formulated tested, and interpreted
for the purposes of the research work. They are below stated;
Ho: There is no significant relationship between industrial
conflicts -and organization's effectiveness.
Hi: There is a
significant relationship between industrial coni1icts and organization's
effectiveness.
Ho: There is no positive relationship between effective
conflict management and approaches of conflict resolution adopted.
Hi: There is a
positive relationship between effective conflictmanagement and approaches of
conflict resolution adopted.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study, in every way, attempts to determine the impacts
of conflicts management on the efficiency and effectiveness of business impacts
measurements of the various strategic tools / method of cont1icts management
opened to organization. The research will be conducted on the Lagos State
University as our unit of analysis" in the Nigerian economy. Therefore, a survey
of the officials of the functional areas of this establishment will comprise of
our major source for comparative data and information.
1.8 LIMITATION OF THE
STUDY
No matter how much
effort one may put into the study, some' extraneous circumstances may create
imperfections. The conduct of research in Nigeria and of course generally is
imbued with a lot of problems.
However, in this particular research, the following problems
are anticipated.
1. The inability to
retrieve all the questionnaires to be distributed
2. Imperfection in
sampling procedures and procedure for processing data.
3. Finance in this
era of economic hardship, financial resource has become a problem for many
people including this researcher, thereby
may affect the financial demand of the study.
1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS
For the purpose of this study, certain words would be
regularly used and are capable of assuming different times, meaning, and
situation. Therefore, it's imperative to clearly define or operationalize them,
so as to facilitate a clearer understanding and perception of the subjects -
matter as hey are used in this research work. They are as follows;
1.
Conflict: A disagreement over issues of substance and / or emotional
antagonism.
2. Management: The act or skill of dealing with
a situation that needs to be controlled in some ways.
3.
Industrial conflict: The inability of labour and management to reach
agreement on any issue connected with the objective of employer-employee
interaction.
4.
.Conflict resolution: The removal of the reason substantial and for
emotional for a conflict.
5.
Conflict management: The methods, approaches, art or style of handling
conflicts usually be experts in industrial relations fields.
6.Industrial relations: The process of control over the
employment relationship, the organization of work, and relations between
employers and their employees.
7.
Organization effectiveness: The continuous existence., or forgoing ahead
of a company despite competition.
8.
Effects: The Oxford Dictionary of Current English dcl1ncd
"Effectas; the result or consequence of an action.
1.10 OUTLINE OF THE RESEARCH STUDY Chapter1: INTRODUCTION;
This chapter will consist of introductory section of the
research study.
Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW;
Itwill Endeavour to give theoretical framework by reviewing
all relevant literatures on which this study is based
Chapter 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY;
It will present the methodology of the research study and the
principal means of collecting and
analyzing data.
Chapter 4: PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA;
This will centre on the presentation, analysis of data and
discussion of result based on the research questions and the test of hypotheses
formulated.
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