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THE ROLE OF VOLUNTARY AND OPEN MEMBERSHIP IN
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES
Abstract
This
study examines the role of Voluntary and Open Membership Principle in
societies. A survey method was used for the study. They were members of
NNPC-KRPC Staff Multipurpose Cooperative Society. A 5-item questionnaire was
used for the study. The questionnaire was based on liker scale. Four (4)
research questions were developed to guide the study. Frequencies and mean
scores were used as statistical analysis. Research findings show that Voluntary
and Open Membership Principle is well followed can improve societies which can
adequately promote the socio economic standard of members. It was recommended
that good orientation should be given to members so as to make them abide by
the principle.
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background
of the Study
Cooperative is a voluntary organization
that is established within the people with common interest in cooperative there
are some principles that guided the operation of cooperative business as stated
by (ICA
The principle
require that membership of any cooperative society should be left open to new
intending members without any artificial restriction it means that cooperative
societies are non exclusive clubs of a few person or as private companies.
The spirit
behind this principle means that in cooperative societies, members have to view
properly and business enterprises of the society not in the selfish, egocentric
spirit of capitalism but in the cooperative spirit of solidarity and universal
brotherhood. The society must be prepared to admit new members, it is like a
work of social service to mankind, new members may come in and enjoy the fruits
of the society built up by the old and past members.
Chukwu (1990)
says advantage of cooperative openness is that open door policy of the
cooperative not only makes good philosophy. It also makes cooperative movement
to spread throughout the whole nation/world, thud making the benefits of
membership good because of the process of integration.
Again,
Amahalu (2006) says voluntary and open membership makes the business to
increase volume by volume. The more people join the cooperative business, the
greater the chance of the group achieving its objectives in terms of skills,
capital volume of production and sales.
In
cooperative practice voluntary and open membership is not absolute because
there is need for selection, what we have in cooperative is “qualified
openness” not everybody that apply has the automatic right to be admitted.
Dishonest men, non Conformist, those whose purpose would detrimental to the
aims of the society, or who will not obey the rules of the society, such people
obviously would not be admitted.
Obodoechi
(2002), explain that cooperative societies are not complete welfare
organization with business entity there is need for selection because not
everybody can meet the financial requirements like minimum share holding.
Entrance fees monthly savings etc. Although cooperative law made the financial
requirement to be small (minimum) but yet some may not afford it.
Further more,
there is the need for selection in membership of cooperative organization
because of the need for a limited degree of homogeneity e.g Farmers Marketing
Cooperative Society cannot accept somebody who is not a farmer, a cooperative
society that is for a particular church, mosque, school cannot accept one who
is a member of the above mentioned groups.
Again
cooperative voluntary and open membership is not absolute because cooperative
law specified the minimum age for membership except infant cooperative
organization. But the age specification differs from country to country and
region to region.
Finally, the
membership openness is not absolute in cooperative organization because the
guidelines for membership are always clearly stated in the cooperative law and
bye-law of individual societies. Any intending member must abide with the
guideline before he/she is admitted and the society has the right to admit or
not to admit but the right not to admit must be exercised rationally and not
bitrarily.
1.2
Statement
of the Problem
The nature of cooperative is to be
free for any qualified individual to joint without any gender, social racial,
political or religious discrimination. This was clearly expressed in the
principle of voluntary and open membership, for instance Chuckwu 1990; Amahala, 2006 agrees that
voluntary and open membership make cooperative business to increase volume by
volume, the more people joint the cooperative business the greater the chance of the group achieving its objectives
in terms of skills, capital volume of production and sales.
Equally, Obodoechi, 2002 explain that
cooperative societies are made freely for only qualified members who are
morally and agely okay as explained in the act.
This study therefore aim at
investigating the role of voluntary and open membership in increasing the
efficiency of cooperative society, furthermore the study determine how only
qualified members will be admitted into cooperative societies, the study
equally examine the importance of openness ins society development. Finally,
the study found out how societies can abode the principle of voluntary and open
membership.
1.3
Objectives
of the Study
i)
To examine the role of voluntary and
open membership in increasing the efficiency of cooperative society.
ii)
To determine how only qualified
members will be admitted into cooperative societies.
iii)
To identify the importance of
openness in society development.
iv)
To find out how societies can abide
the principles of voluntary and open membership.
1.4
Research
Questions
1.
What is the role of voluntary and
open membership in increasing the efficiency of cooperative societies?
2.
What makes members qualify admission
in cooperative societies?
3.
What is the importance of openness in
cooperative societies’ development?
4.
What makes society abide by the
principle of voluntary and open membership?
1.5
Significance
of the Study
The study examines the role of
voluntary and open membership principle in increasing the efficiency of
cooperative society.
The significance of a study of this
magnitude cannot be over emphasized. The government cooperative department,
cooperate organization involve in cooperative activities, cooperative societies
of any kind in-coming student as well as other researchers alike will find this
study really significant especially as they utilize the finding.
The government cooperative Department
and of course cooperative organization engaged in cooperative venture, the
findings of this study will be used as a basic from enacting policies that will
effectively regulate the activities of any cooperative society so that the
essence of the principles cannot be defeated. Furthermore, members of the
public who are interested in cooperative will use the result of this study as
an insight in to the formation of new societies. It will contribute in creating
more awareness in the in habitants of the immediate community as regard the
role of voluntary and open membership principle towards increasing the society
efficiency.
It should also be noted that this
study is of scholarly importance. Student undergoing research works similar to
the present study and other scholars alike will find this work as a reference
material or a sprint board for their own research works.
1.6
Scope
of the Study
This study examines the role of
voluntary and open membership in increasing the efficiency of cooperative
society. An examination of how qualified members can be admitted in a society
as well as importance of openness in society development. The study equally
cover an indepth examination of possible problems that could be militating
against role of voluntary and open membership principle.
The research work is restricted to
NNPC-KRPC staff Multipurpose Cooperative Society Limited located in Kaduna
South local government area.
1.7
Definition
of Terms
The following terms have to be
defined in order to make the study clear for more comparism.
-
Cooperative
Society: This refer to coming together of people sharing
the same interest to establish a business for their personal satisfaction.
-
Voluntary
and Open Membership: This simply means cooperative
society is free organization that allow any qualified individual to join or to
be a member without any gender, religious or political discrimination.
-
Efficiency:
This means the ability to do something well or achieve a desired result without
wasted energy, time or effort.
-
Members:
These are the personal individuals that come together as one in an association
or an organization.
-
NNPC:
Nigeria National Petroleum Corporation.
-
KRPC:
Kaduna
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