ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF COURSE OF STUDY ON STUDENTS ATTITUDES TOWARDS ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA (A STUDY OF HND II STUDENTS OF KADUNA POLYTECHNIC, KADUNA)
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ANALYSIS
OF THE IMPACT OF COURSE OF STUDY ON STUDENTS ATTITUDES TOWARDS ENTREPRENEURSHIP
DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
(A STUDY OF
HND II STUDENTS OF KADUNA POLYTECHNIC, KADUNA
ABSTRACT
The
study is an empirical work that attempted to investigate the background of
analysis of impact of students disposition in business attitudes within the
context of their educational endeavour and personal behaviours are explored
within the individual concept of interest. The study analyzed and compared the
differences in entrepreneurial potential and perception about entrepreneurship
by graduating students of Kaduna
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page - - - - - - - - - i
Declaration - - - - - - - - - ii
Approval - - - - - - - - - iii
Dedication - - - - - - - - - iv
Acknowledgement - - - - - - - v-vii
Abstract - - - - - - - - - viii
Table of Contents - - - - - - - ix-xi
CHAPTER
ONE:
1.0 Introduction - - - - - - - 1-2
1.1 Background of the study - - - - - 2-5
1.2 Statement of the problem - - - - - 5-6
1.3 Objectives of the study - - - - - 7
1.4 Significance of the study - - - - - 7-8
1.5 Research questions - - - - - - 8-9
1.6 Statement of hypothesis - - - - - 9
1.7 Delimitation / scope of the study - - - - 9-10
1.8 Definition of terms - - - - - - 10-12
CHAPTER
TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction - - - - - - - 13
2.1 Historical perspective of research area - - - 13-15
2.2 Conceptual definition of entrepreneurship - - 15-18
2.3 Concept of entrepreneurship and entrepreneur - 18-20
2.4 The process of entrepreneurship - - - - 20-22
2.5 Concept of development - - - - - 23-24
2.6 Meaning of entrepreneurship development - - 24
2.7 Factors influencing entrepreneurship
development in the 21st century - - - - - - - 25-30
2.8 Characteristics and skills of an
entrepreneur - 31
2.8.1 Entrepreneurial characteristics - - - - 31-34
2.8.2 Entrepreneurial skills - - - - - - 34-35
2.8.3 What is entrepreneurial spirit - - - - 35-36
2.9 Dynamics of the brain as the seat of
entrepreneurial empowerment - - - - - - - 36-37
2.10 Functions of entrepreneurship - - - - 37-39
2.11 Benefits of entrepreneurship - - - - 40-42
2.12 Factors determining the extent of
entrepreneurship 42-43
2.13 Factors influencing the development of the
individual entrepreneur - - - - - - - 44-46
2.14 The role of marketing in entrepreneurship
development in Nigeria
2.15 Challenges of entrepreneurship development in
Nigeria
2.16 The role of entrepreneurship in the
development of enterprises - - - - - - - 50-51
2.17 The role of government towards
entrepreneurship development in Nigeria
2.18 The role of entrepreneurship in economic
development 56-59
CHAPTER
THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction - - - - - - - 60
3.1 Area of study - - - - - - - 60
3.2 Research design - - - - - - - 60
3.3 Justification for its adoption - - - - 60
3.4 Population of the study - - - - - 61
3.5 Sample size and sampling techniques - - - 61
3.6 Justification for sampling section - - - - 61-62
3.7 Methods of data collection - - - - - 62
3.8 Instruments used in data collection - - - 62
3.9 Method used in presentation and analysis of
data collected (Data analysis techniques) - - - - - 63
3.10 Limitations - - - - - - - 63
CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION AND
ANALYSIS OF DATA
4.0 Introduction - - - - - - - 64
4.1 Respondents characteristics and
classification - 64
4.2 Presentation and analysis of data - - - 65-72
4.3 Answer to research questions and or test
hypothesis 72-76
CHAPTER
FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.0 Introduction - - - - - - - 77
5.1 Summary - - - - - - - - 77-78
5.2 Conclusion - - - - - - - - 79-80
5.3 Recommendations - - - - - - 80-82
Bibliography
Appendixes
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The
rate of unemployment among school graduates is quite alarming in Nigeria
To
understand entrepreneurship and development is to discover why Nigeria
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
It
is envisaged that government at all levels will have to put in place all
necessary infrastructures to promote the growth and development of small and
medium scale enterprises (SME) in the country to enable Nigeria attain the
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) target set by the United Nations by the year
2012 and Nigeria vision 20-20-20. A vibrant SMSE sector is critical in the
realization of MDGs objective.
Experts
have observed that Nigeria
may not likely meet the MDGs target by reducing poverty by 50% by the year 2015
considering the present status of SMSE operations in Nigeria
It
is universally accepted that Micro (Small) and Medium Scale Enterprises are the
engine of development of any nation. A nation’s rate of development is
determined by the number of SMEs in the country.
Statistical
studies have shown that 40 – 50% SMEs in most advanced countries of the world
are owned by graduates or those who passed through Colleges. Given this facts
in Nigeria
Scholars
have divergent views on who is an entrepreneur and who is not. While the first
school of through is of the opinion the entrepreneurs can be made (taught
through formal classes) the other group however are of the opinion that
entrepreneurs are born (an inheritance). They argued further that entrepreneurs
possess special qualities and must have the right attitude and disposition
towards entrepreneurship.
This
development is likely to inculcate in students the right aptitude and attitudes
to starting their won business and by implicating making them a better
entrepreneur. Considering the fact that the key factors that give rise to
enterprise are personal, sociological and environmental factors. For quite some
time now by statistical analysis, over 3 millions Nigerians in a given year
become qualified to form the labour market largely from both Universities and
Polytechnics but, regrettably, not more than 10% of this population are likely
to gain employment to join the formal sector. The International Labour
Organization collaborated this very poor level graduates, employment yearly
(Bugaje, Hamalai & Indabawa, 2002).
Indeed,
it is obvious that with the level of development and attendant threats in Nigeria
Inspite
of the Federal Government of Nigeria’s effort towards setting up institutions
such as National Poverty Alleviation Programme (NAPEP), Small and Medium Scale
Enterprises Development Agency (SMEDAN), National Directorate of Employment
(NDE), National Economic Reconstruction Fund (NERFUND) and other relevant
programmes with other world bodies and NGOs, the piece of entrepreneurship
development is still low when compared with other developing countries with
developed nation taking the lead.
Thus,
this research work is an attempt to investigate the individual characteristics
of graduating students with a view to understand whether some students are more
likely to take to entrepreneurship than others irrespective of their course of
study. Attempt will be therefore be made to understand the possible influence
of a students course of study in their desire to start a business of their own.
1.2 STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM
Substantially,
governments of Nigeria (federal, state and local) are making effort to promote
the development of small and medium scale enterprises and other related
programmes in support but then, much is still desired interms of commitment of
funds, mobilization, minimization of corruption and performance evaluation
mechanisms and above all leveraging on the macro environmental operations
variables (Mawoli, M.A. and Aliyu, A.N, 2010).
In
education, the quality of schooling is adversely affected by large class sizes,
lack of teaching materials and equipment, and lack of qualified teachers, etc.
Doing business in Nigeria Nigeria
1.3 OBJECTIVES
OF THE STUDY
The
research work is designed to achieve the following specific objectives:
i) To reveal the impact of course of study
on students attitudes towards entrepreneurship development.
ii) To identify the reasons for the slow pace
of entrepreneurship growth and development in Nigeria
iii) To identify the environmental factors
influencing individual entrepreneurial spirit.
iv) To reveal the extent to which government is
contributing to entrepreneurship development.
v) To identify the roles of entrepreneurship
towards the development of Nigerian economy.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
This research
work serves as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Award of
Higher National Diploma in Marketing by Kaduna Polytechnic.
Secondly, the
research study would serve as a reference library to so many students of
marketing in their quest for further investigation on the subject matter.
Thirdly, the study reveals the
inherent prepositions or benefits of being self employed as against being an
employee throughout one’s life.
This is so
because the concept ideally promotes creativity and drivers of innovation
thereby bringing to bear informed decisions and generation of great investment
potentials.
Fourthly, the
general public stands to benefit from the study as an emerging field but
critical to socio-economic development of any nation and host of others.
1.5 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
The
following research questions would be used to achieving the stated objectives:
i) What
are the factors responsible for the slow pace of entrepreneurship development
in Nigeria
ii) What
are the likely impact of course of study on students attitude towards their
individual entrepreneurial disposition?
iii) What
are the environmental factors influencing individual entrepreneurial spirit?
iv) To
what extent is the government contributing towards entrepreneurship
development?
v) What
is the role of entrepreneurship toward the development of Nigerian economy?
1.6 STATEMENT
OF HYPOTHESIS
The
following research hypothesis was used in achieving the stated objectives:
H1: An individual student’s course of study has
significant positive impact on a students’ tendency to be an entrepreneur.
H0: An individual course of study has no
significant impact on a student’s choice f being an entrepreneur?
1.7 DELIMITATION
/ SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The
study focuses on the analysis of the impact of course of study on student’s
attitudes towards entrepreneurship development with special reference to all
graduating students (HND II) of all the five (5) academic colleges (CBMS,
CASSS, CBS, COE and CST) of Kaduna Polytechnic for 2012. The study covers the indepth
analysis of the target student’s psycho-variables, personality and background
of individual to determine their disposition for self employment irrespective
of their course of study.
1.8 DEFINITION
OF TERMS
This
is all about defining some of the concepts within the confines of the subject
matter:
i.
Entrepreneurship:
Entrepreneurship is the process of ideation, conceptualization, enterprise
creation, commercialization and business growth.
ii.
Development:
It is the process of unfolding and realization of man’s creative potential that
enables him to improve his material conditions and living through the use of
resources available to him.
iii.
Economic
Growth: It shows or it’s the ability of the country to
satisfy the needs and wants of their people.
iv.
Value
Creation: This is the process of making products and
providing services that customers find consistently useful and profitable to
providers
v.
An
Entrepreneur: The individual who possess the
drive, ambition, foresight and imagination to break through traditional
barriers, overcome social inertia, and transform theory into practice
vi.
Entrepreneurship
Development: A process of advancing or improving
the entrepreneurial ability of an individual by means of the re-orientation and
reorganization of the entire economic and social systems
vii.
Creativity:
The ability to process information in such a way that the result is new,
original and meaningful.
viii. Innovation:
Originality. The ability of an entrepreneur to develop new products, new
technology, new distribution outlets and supply modification for enhanced
services.
ix.
Marketing:
As a social and management process by which individuals and groups obtain what
they need and want through creating, offering and exchanging products of value
with others.
x.
Marketing
Mix:
This refers to all elements of an organization strategies, tactics, programmes
and techniques which are designed in relation to available resources to meet marketing
objectives and ultimately the needs and wants of the customers.
xi.
Advertising:
It is a non-personal form of communication, involving persuasion and promotion
of ideas, goods or services through paid media under identified sponsorship.
xii.
Public
Relations: It is a non-personal
stimulation of demand for a product, service or business unit by planting commercially
significant news about it in the media, without paid sponsorship
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