STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF CRIMINAL OFFENCES RECORDED IN KUJE – ABUJA (FCT) FROM 1999 – 2007 (A CASE STUDY OF KUJE POLICE DIVISIONAL HEADQUARTERS, ABUJA)
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STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF CRIMINAL
OFFENCES RECORDED IN KUJE – ABUJA (FCT) FROM 1999 – 2007
(A CASE STUDY OF KUJE POLICE DIVISIONAL
HEADQUARTERS, ABUJA)
ABSTRACT
Statistics is playing an important
role in virtually all aspect of human life. This role is used to analyze a
project, which is aimed at analyzing the rate of crime in Kuje-Abuja. This
analysis is meant for correction, up-dating, forecasting the future accordance
events. The objectives of the project are the criminal offences in Kuje. The
project comprises of five chapters; chapter one, contains the introduction of
the project and the historical background of Kuje Police Station also the aims
and objectives of the project. Chapter two contains the literature review and
the literature review is relevant to the project topic. Also, in same chapter
two, the statistical tools used will be discussed, with necessary information
on categories of crimes, chapter three, focus on the methodology and data presentation
that is method of data collection and also source of data and problem
encountered during collection of data. Chapter four is based on analysis data
collected achieving the aims set in 1.3 chapter under general aims and specific
objectives and also applying the statistical tools relevant to the project
topic. Chapter five, its including findings, conclusion and recommendation,
bibliography of what have been discussing in the whole project. Finally, I hope
that Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic library, department of Mathematics and Statistics
library and also all the members of the institute will have something to
comprehend and learn out of this project, something useful to read as a source
of data and inspiration.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Declaration
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of Contents
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Historical
Background
1.3 Scope and
Coverage
1.4 General and
specific objectives
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 Literature
2.2 Statistical
Tools
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 Methodology
3.2 Method of Data
Collection
3.3 Problem
Encountered
3.4 Data
Presentation
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Analysis
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Recommendation
References
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The increasing desire of the
government and civilization to improve the maintenance of law and order and to
engage in crime prevention, has led to the search for data on all aspect of
crime. This will enable the government to know whether crime is increasing or
decreasing.
Crime in a normal sense is an act or
offence which is punishable by law. Crime is a term used to describe any act
that breaks a society. Some examples of crimes are robbery, kidnapping, raping,
theft etc.
Therefore, anyone that violet the law
should be arrested, tried and immediately sentenced to some time in prison if
and only if found guilty. The prison is where criminals are supposed to be
reformed and learn to obey the rules and regulation set down or order to govern
the society properly.
Despite the efforts of security
agencies to curb crime in our society, the rate of crime is increasing at
alarming rate. This indeed has been the common practice in the society
especially within the youths. Many measures had been taken to eradicate this
abnormal behavior from our society, nevertheless, the condition still remain
the same as this criminal cases occur day in day out in the society.
Prison is a place where people who
are convicted by the law court are being kept to await trial. It is a house
built by the government in order to detain anybody who goes against the law.
CLASSIFICATION OF CRIME
Crime can be classified in many ways,
but some of them are:
1. Crime against people: This include rape, kidnapping, murder (homicide), robbery etc, such
crimes usually carries severe punishment.
2. Crime against property: Automobile, fraud, forgery, vandalism and robbery. In most
cases these crimes may carry higher penalties than crime against people.
3. Crime against public and morality order: This include disorderly conduct,
gambling, prostitution, public drunkenness etc
These offences generally involve
bigger penalties.
CAUSES OF CRIME
Crimes are caused by many factors.
Criminologist in their studies enumerated the causes of crime as psychological,
sociological and heredity etc. While to the prison officers, crime is regarded
as a human reaction to his environment, for example, some crimes are caused by
the following factor:
1. Economy: This
is a good cause of crime in our country, Nigeria. Without employment many had
roam the town and in consequence the devil offers them employment in crimes
especially property crimes.
2. After-War-Effect: After the civil war, many youths who have been trained in the use of
arms were left unemployed as a result of that crime and violence increase. The
drift from the rural to urban areas and the corresponding unemployment brought
about frustration and with the resultant poverty, destitution and lack of the
barest necessity of life, the youths resort to crime and this appears to be
gainful.
3. Political Activities: Due to the political immaturity of the masses in the Nigeria scene,
political campaigns and elections are regrettably atrocious. Crimes such as
murder, looting, corruption and rioting amongst others were among the factors
the encouraged criminal activities in our society.
In most cases, the law enforcement
agencies are incapable of action especially when the rich or influential
politicians are concerned or when the political party in power is concerned
associated with this also are embezzlement of public funds through contracts,
nepotism and corruption in distribution of public offices and privileges. These
are notorious acts.
PREVENTION OF CRIME
1. Retribution:
This means severe punishment for any wrong conduct. No doubt this objectives
governs the minds of the Nigeria courts and indeed the public. When one is
being sentenced to prison, section 4(1) of prison Decree 1972 (decree 9) stated
that “subject to this section, the effect of sentence of imprisonment is with
hard labour passed upon a prison shall be that the prisoner shall be imprisoned
for the period of the sentence and during his imprisonment shall work at such
labour as may be directed by the superintendant”. This law therefore emphasized
the puncture aspect.
2. Deterrence:
This can also be seen as consequence or punishment set aside by the government
in order to serve as a lesson to determine both the prisoner and the public at
large.
PRISON
According to the Oxford Advanced
Learner’s Dictionary, a prison is “a building where people are kept as a
punishment for a crime they have committed.
TYPES OF PRISON
1. Convict Prison:
This prison receives all cases of prisoners i.e. long and short sentence,
condemned criminals and those of gazette etc.
2. Divisional or provincial prison: It receives the cases of anybody sentenced under 12 years.
The long term prisoners that may be found in this prison are those of special
arrangement. E.g. building, carpentry, bricklayers after which they must be
returned to the convict prison.
3. Central prison:
Central prison is a prison that governs all other prison activities in a given
division and it is headed by the controller general of prison.
4. Prison camp:
Used to keep prisoner to learn skills such as carpentry, tailoring bricklaying,
music etc
1.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF STUDY
The Nigeria Police Force had its
origin in year 1861. The consul at that time complained that he had numerous
duties among those of the police trust on him and in 1861 permission was sought
from the British consular guard of 30 men. This was so named because the
representative of the British government was John Becroft. Two years later in
1863, this small guard was renamed “Hausa Police” consisting of 600 men because
of the enlistment into it of some captured runaway slave at Jebba by it. Worer
R. N. in 1879 the Hausa Police was further enlarged by the recruitment of more
men mainly from the Hausa and was named Hausa constabulary. It then consisted
of 1200 officers and commanded by an Inspector-General of police. Duty was
mainly military in character. Although the men were expected to perform some
civil duties one of such military duties was the provision of detachment of 8
officers and 251 men for the Arochukwu.
On January 1st 1896, the
Lagos Police Force was created like the Hansa constabulary. This was the arm.
It consisted of a commissioner, two Assistant Commissioners, a superintendent
and quarter master, and 250 other ranks. This force operated mainly in Lagos
area, while the constabulary operated in the north, the detective department
was formed in 1898 and consisted of one superintendent and 14 other ranks from
this grew our present criminal Investigation Department (CID).
Nigeria became a federal republic on
October 1st 1963. The force continued to be administered on a
federal bases as enacted in the Republican Constitution. The Divisional Police
Station in Kuje Area was established on the 15th August, 1985, as
police station is known, most of its functions are to take charge of criminal
offences.
However, some of the analysis on
criminal offenses recorded in Kuje Divisional Police Station between the year
1999 – 2007 includes house breaking, theft, armed robbery, bribery and
corruption rape etc.
1.3 SCOPE AND COVERAGE
Criminal statistics data is the
collection of data within an area over a period of time, example daily, weekly,
yearly etc. It is important in the sense that the data used in this project is
a criminal data collected from the Kuje Police Headquarters on the record of
criminal offenses recorded from 1999 – 2007.
1.4 GENERAL AND SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
The general aim of this study is to
estimate the rate of crime and use it to forecast the future condition.
1.
To
estimate the model concerning crime rate
2.
To
test the normality of the model (using normal probability plot) in order to see
if the data can be used for the analysis
3.
To
forecast the future cases of crime using time series model
4.
To
suggest the possible means of eradicating crime.
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