ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN POVERTY ALLEVIATION. (A Study of FRCN Kaduna Multipurpose Cooperative Society)
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ASSESSMENT
OF THE ROLE OF COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN POVERTY ALLEVIATION.
(A Study of FRCN Kaduna Multipurpose Cooperative Society)
ABSTRACT
This study investigates the Role of Cooperatives in Poverty
Alleviation. The study was based in the Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria
Kaduna Multipurpose Cooperative Society. The research review the literatures of
related study and were duly acknowledge. Data were collected through
constructed questionnaire and interview methods comprising members of the study
area. Using systematic sampling techniques. The perceptible equations and
tabular illustrations were used to present data Obtained in the Study. Results
obtained from the study suggested that members of the study area and the public
benefit immensely from the activities of cooperative societies. Hence,
cooperatives help to alleviate poverty amongst its members.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page - - - - - - - - - - i
Declaration - - - - - - - - - - ii
Approval Page - - - - - - - - - iii
Dedication - - - - - - - - - - iv
Acknowledgement - - - - - - - - v
Abstract - - - - - - - - - - vii
Table of content - - - - - - - - - ix
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0
Introduction - - - - - - - - 1
1.1 Background of the study - - - - - - 5
1.2
Historical background of the study area - - - - 6
1.3
Statement of the Problem - - - - - - 7
1.4
Objective of the study -- - - - - - - 8
1.5
Significance of the study - - - - - - 9
1.6
Research Question - - - - - - - 10
1.7
Scope of the study -- - - - - - - 11
1.8
Operational Definition of term - - - - - 11
CHAPTER
TWO: Literature Review
2.1
Introduction - - - - - - - - 13
2.2 Cooperative Development
Exposure - - - - 16
2.3 Poverty - -- - - - - - - - 17
2.4
Nigeria’s Poverty Situation - - - - - - 18
2.5
Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria - - - - - 20
2.6
Cooperative A tool for Promoting Desert
Work and reducing poverty - - - - - - 23
CHAPTER
THREE: Research Methodology
3.1
Introduction - - - - - - - - 28
3.2
Research Design - - - - - - - 28
3.3
Population Sample - - -- - - - - 28
3.4
Sample size - - - - - - - - 29
3.4.1 Justification for the
sample size - - - - - 29
3.5
Sample Technique - - - - - - - 29
3.5.1 Justification
for the sampling Technique - - - - 30
3.6
Research Instruments - - - - - - - 30
3.7
Method of Data presentation and statistical
analysis - - 30
3.8
Limitations of the study - - - - - - - 31
CHAPTER
FOUR: Data Presentation And Analysis
4.1
Introduction - - - - - - - - 32
4.2
Presentation Analysis Based on respondents bio data
- 32
4.3
Data Analysis Based on questionnaire - - - - 35
CHAPTER
FIVE: Summary, Conclusion and
Recommendation
5.1 Summary - - - - - - - - - 44
5.2
Conclusion - - - - - - - - 45
5.3
Recommendation - - - - - - - 46
Reference - - - - - - - - - 48
Appendix I - - - - - - - - - 49
Appendix II - - - - - - - - - 50
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
From the beginning of mankind, man has been
engaged in a continuous battle to liberate himself from the shackle condition
of life called poverty. Consider the following situation.
A. A destitute is begging for alms at Public
Park to buy food from a nearby food stand.
B. A young university trained professional lost
her job a few months ago and her bills are mounting because she is still
employed.
C. An investor is unable to pay his children’s
school fees this semester because his expected earning from investments did not
materialize.
D. A millionaire needs to take tranquilizer
every night because he cannot sleeps without them.
Which of these four people would you consider
poor? A is both income poor and socially deprived. B may not be socially
deprived. Being well educated but she is income poor, being educated but she is
income poor, being out of employment. C is cash poor, but only for a short time
because he can convert has investment into cash if necessary. D is not poor by
any material standards but he is spirit poor because money cannot buy him a
sound sleep.
In general, a discussion of poverty as a
socio – economic issues is limited mainly to the situations covered in A and B
above. But cooperative’s pride themselves as “enterprises” with a soul” will
target all four cases.
The definition and measurement of poverty can
be quite elusive. It varies from
place to place and from time to time. Poverty is a condition of life so
degraded by disease, illiteracy malnutrition as it denies the basic human
necessities. It is therefore difficult to give a precise definition of poverty.
But the poor society in terms of their economic, cultural Social and
psychological condition. In an attempt to attack this chronic disease (poverty)
the basic problems of development should be redefined as a selective attack on
the worst form of poverty.
Developmental goals must be defined in terms
of the progressive reduction and eventually elimination of malnutrition,
diseases, illiteracy, unemployment and inequality. Once again the relationship
between poverty and development is clear. Where there is abundant poverty there
is little or no development. After all, the process of development itself is
geared towards the elimination of poverty and inequality in order to give room
for a better life for mankind.
Cooperatives societies which is primarily to
alleviate poverty among people because the purpose of incorporating the society
is to meet the common felt needs of the members and the general public on
social and economic needs as well as cultural aspirations of the individual
thereby complementing the efforts of the government towards the alleviation of
poverty in the society. Cooperatives is aimed at receiving the policies towards
alleviating of poverty in the society in terms of their economic, cultural, social
and psychological condition of both members and the general public. Over the
years cooperatives has made efforts in reducing the poor standards of living of
the poor masses in the society. Hence the importance of Cooperatives towards
the alleviation of poverty can not be over emphasized; it can be summarized in
the following succeeding lines:
a.
Cooperatives
encourage the poor in the society to save little money that may be encountered,
so that they can conveniently solve the problems.
b.
Cooperatives
create/open up viable avenue for the less privilege to benefit from government
and any other credit outside their places of work in order to enable them solve
immediate problems and other top benefit from them.
c.
Stimulation
of economic growth through the engagement of semi skilled and unskilled labour
in productive activities.
d.
Minimizing
rural – Urban drift through the improvement of rural communities.
e.
Empowering
the environment to arrest environmental deregulation.
Programme activities and strategies to achieve
the objectives of cooperatives towards alleviation of poverty include.
a.
Cooperatives
are trying to reduce the alarming rate of poverty through the provision of
goods and services at a cheaper cost for the common average man to afford.
b.
Cooperatives
help to prevent exploitation of the less privilege. By organizing
workshop/seminars to educate areas that are yet to develop in terms of
education, inadequate health centers, inadequate companies to work for their
daily wages in order to better their lives and reduce the rate of poverty in
the society.
c.
Empowering
women and men to participate in decision that affect lives and that enables
them to build their strengths and assets.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Nigeria like other developing countries have
done a lot in terms of improving the standards of its citizens through the
provision of employment, shelter, food supplies, basic infrastructural
facilities, good education system and a conducive political and socio –
economic environment. Of all these deep-rooted social and economic ills, the
most frightening is poverty, it is alarming because it’s capacity of learning
all social fabric and social values. Consequently, all attempt made to reduce
poverty cannot be improved.
Nigeria, since independence has been battling
on how to reduce poverty on its citizenry. In this regard, programmes,
agencies. And a mission were drawn, instituted and formed to address this ugly
issue or hydro – headed monster (poverty). We are all aware of the philosophies
behind regional areas like the Northern Nigeria Development Cooperation (NNDC)
Western Nigeria Development Cooperation (WNDC) and Eastern Nigeria Development
Cooperation (ENDC).
All these cooperation were constructed for
the purpose of giving soft loans for the developmental projects and other
employment opportunities to the respective regions from the federal government
and from the limited sources of their respective regional areas.
The introduction of cooperatives societies in
Nigeria came about through the feasibility study of Mr. Strickland in his
reported submitted in 1933 when the Nigeria government realized the
significance of cooperative. This resulted to the formation of cooperative.
Inspite of all these cooperation, agencies and societies have proved to be very
potent in reducing the level of poverty in our society.
1.2
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria (FRCN)
Kaduna Multipurpose cooperative society was formed primarily to promote the
general economic interest among its aimed at providing cash, kind and loan for
necessary productive purpose with society as a means of income and with a
reasonable convenient term of repayment. The multipurpose cooperatives society
is formed to promote cooperatives spirit among its member and to work for the
general improvement of the members living standard.
The cooperative society (FRCN) also engages
in any meaningful business ventures or trading. Activities outsides the
cooperative society so as to enhance the earnings of the society.
Finally federal Radio Corporation Radio
Corporation multipurpose cooperative
society was formed to encourage the development of cooperatives movement in
Nigeria
1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM.
Poverty as a figure disturbing the people or
society are due to the fact that all governmental schemes to alleviate poverty
has not been shown in the study area.
The unemployment situation in the society is
at the increasing rate among the people due to the limitation of cooperatives
awareness in the society. The people fail to know or understand what
cooperative really means or is taking about. Due to the high population of
Nigeria, which impose the problems of poverty as to no job opportunities in the
societies.
Again despite all the effort of poverty
alleviation by the cooperatives movement, there are obstacles that hinder
people from participating and enjoying these economic developments. Such
obstacles are: lack of adequate cooperative education or awareness and
enlightenment amongst the populace as such people respond to cooperative
movement very poor. Those who are actively involved in this movement of the
cooperatives do not also fully enjoy the economic aspect of the movement, which
is the foremost objective of cooperative. This is because of the lack or
inadequate cooperative knowledge of its members. Also improper management by
committee members of different societies.
This research work, will examine ways of
solving the set aside problems that hinders the full participation and enjoyment of the cooperative movement
activities by its member, towards poverty alleviation and the betterment of
their social –economic activities.
1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The objectives of the study are to find out
whether cooperative societies can help in the alleviation of poverty. It is
also an objective of the study to make comparison on findings from this
exercise with previous studies on the same research topic, Again, the objective
of the study is to examine if all cooperative principles is best applied in the
cooperative societies.
It is equally an objective of the study to
examine the extent of people’s involvement in cooperative particularly in the
rural areas.
1.5
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The data Collected analyzed and summarized
will be used for decision and possibly recommendations will be forwarded to the
parties concerned.
Following the objectives of the study as
earlier stated, the significance of this study in the first place, is that, it
will assist to bring into focus the real cooperative activities, what they are
doing and what can be done to tackle the socio – economic problems of the
people for possible appreciation of the places of cooperatives societies in the
economy and in the role of poverty reduction among members.
The importance of this study is to underline
the fact that poverty is today the dominant factor in the Nigeria human
development. This study therefore is expected that the wider dimension of
poverty government as well as cooperative societies effort in alleviating
poverty will be examined.
This research work is of great significance
to the area under study because the group and individual member of the society
or the area under study will morally and mentally benefit from the knowledge’s
and information, which this study will make available for continuous
enlightenment. So as to remain conscious and enlightened for greater
participation in the cooperative movement.
1.6
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1.
Do
cooperative societies enhance the living standard of its bonafide members?
2.
Could Low
enrolment of Individuals lead to failure of cooperative society?
3.
What is the
extend of people involvement in cooperative particularly the working class?
4.
What are the
basic economic activities being carried out by cooperative to alleviate
poverty?
1.7
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Since the subject matter is based on an
assessment of the role of cooperatives in poverty alleviation. It has to be
focused from different angles with references to the provision of basic minimum
wages, improving economic programs.
This research work will examine the role and
the extend to which the society is economically helping the members towards
enhancing their socio – economic well being. Provision of basic education and
general implementation/improving the living standards of the population.
The researcher have to limit the sizeable
level where justice can be seen to have been done to the topic of study since a
list of time will be needed to do an extensive research on a topic of this
nature coupled with the attended cost.
1.8
OPERATIONAL DEFINATION OF TERMINOLOGIES
v COOPERATIVE: An association of individuals united
voluntarily to meet their economic, cultural, social needs and aspirations
through a jointly owned and democratically controlled enterprises.
v POVERTY: Aluwalia (1973) “Defines Poverty by the
number of people living below a specified minimum level of income an imaginary
poverty line knows nationals boundaries and is independent of the level of
national per capital income. However, it magnitude may be much less in terms of
total number or percentage of the total populations”
v ALLEVIATION: This as a term in this research work means
the reduction or lessening and elimination of any factors that leads to poverty
and deprivation among the populace so as to increase their income level.
v MEMBERS: These are persons who are fully registered
in the society and who have completed all the necessary registration
process.
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