LEADERSHIP STYLES AND THEIR IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY (A CASE STUDY OF KADUNA REFINERY AND PETROCHEMICAL COMPANY)
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LEADERSHIP STYLES AND THEIR IMPACT ON
EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY
(A CASE STUDY OF KADUNA REFINERY AND PETROCHEMICAL
COMPANY)
Abstract
This
project work is primarily covered with Leadership Style and their impact on
employee productivity. A case study of Kaduna Refinery and Petrochemical
Company Kachia Road, Kilometer 16 Kaduna South, Kaduna. The first part of the
project work introduces the reader to what extent leadership style have on
employee productivity with background of the subject matter, the significant,
objective and scope of the subject matter. Secondly, the researcher review the
works of past writers on the subject matter, the definition of terms area
covered by the study. Thirdly, it considers the method the researcher used in
gathering necessary information for the study; questionnaire was employed as
appropriate instrument for the study. The researcher population was 200
individuals which consist of sales department, production department, human
resource department and purchasing department staff of Kaduna Refinery and
Petrochemical Company Kachia Road, Kilometer 16 Kaduna south Kaduna. The
researcher uses 20 people as a sample size which represent the entire
population, the information gathered have also been analyzed and presented,
result of data which is presented in tabular form using likert method.
Discussion of result have also been emphasized to give consistency between
finding and the existing knowledge. Finally, the summary, conclusion of the
entire work, further gives recommendation about the findings of the research
work has shown that Kaduna Refinery and Petrochemical Company should adopt the
use of effective leadership style as it is a better way of improving and
increasing employee productivity in the organization.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title
Approval ii
Declaration iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgement v
Abstract vii
CHAPTER ONE: Introduction
1.1
Background
of the Study 1
1.2
Statement
of the Problem 2
1.3
Objective
of the Study 3
1.4
Significance
of the Study 4
1.5
Research
Questions 4
1.6
Scope
of the Study 4
1.7
Definition
of Terms 5
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review
2.0 Introduction 7
2.1
Concept
of Leadership 7
2.2
Leadership
Styles 10
2.3
Fielders’
Situational Approach to Leadership 14
2.3.1 Harsey and Blanchard’s Situational
Leadership Theory 15
2.4
Factors
to Consider in Selecting Leadership Style 17
2.5
Relationship
between Leadership and Productivity 19
2.6
Leadership
and Motivation 20
2.7
Types
of Motivation 25
2.8
Leadership
and Decision Making 26
2.9
Leadership
and Communication 28
CHAPTER THREE: Research Methodology
3.1
Area
of Study 30
3.2
Research
design 30
3.3
Population
of the Study 31
3.4
Sample
and Sampling Procedure 31
3.5
Instrument
for Data Collection 31
3.6
Administration
of the Data 32
3.7
Statistical
Technique Used for Analyzing Data 32
CHAPTER FOUR: Data Analysis and Presentation
4.1 Presentation
of Result 34
CHAPTER FIVE: Summary, Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1
Summary
of Procedures 45
5.2
Discussion
of Findings 46
5.3
Implication
of Findings 47
5.4
Conclusion 48
5.5
Recommendations 48
5.6
Suggestion
for Further Studies 49
Bibliography 50
Appendix
CHAPTER I: Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
The importance of leadership in an
organization can not be overemphasized. Leadership is a major element that sets
successful and unsuccessful organizations and government apart. It plays
central role in offering direction and purpose towards achieving goals of the
organization. It is also an important element in the social relationship of groups
at work. Leadership is the main factor that determines and shape group behaviour.
When it is correctly applied, each employee enjoys a feeling of strong
commitment towards achieving organizational goals. Regardless of equality of
its members, every group will tend to have a system in which it will have a
leader.
However, organizational goals can
never be achieved without proper leadership style in play. It is important to
note that the effective performance of an individual employee is a function of
both his personal characteristics and the individual environment. A careful
consideration of knowledge, skills, experience, attitude and motivation of an
employee enhance maximum productivity and efficiency in the job. Since
leadership deals with the human resource element, it provides the basis for
effective utilization of material resources in an organization through
individual skills, knowledge and ability.
Leadership can simply be defined as a
process of influencing the activities of an individual or a group towards
attainment of set goals. Leadership is the life wire of an organization.
Douglas McGregor theory X and theory Y is to the view that leaders attitude
towards human nature as a large influence on how that person behaves as a
leader and how it affects the employee under the leader. It is however
important to note that no single leadership style is likely to be effective in
all circumstances, leadership style vary based on surroundings and
circumstances.
However, instead of concentrating on
a single leadership style, leaders can vary their approaches depending on three
factors: forces in the leader, forces in the subordinate and forces in the
situation. An effective leader is measured by his ability to manage and
withstand forces around him and how to effectively utilize human and material
resources to attain organizational objectives. Douglas McGregor put it clear
that there is a close relationship between leaders’ expectation and the
resulting performance of subordinates. He further explains that if leaders’
expectations are high, productivity is likely to be high.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
One of the problems observed by the
researcher is the inflexibility of the leadership style by most organization
managers. They fail to adjust their style of leading to the changing situations
and business environment. This failure is as a result of the lack of
understanding of the fact that no one particular style of leadership can fit
all conditions and must be flexible to give room for change.
Another problem is close to the
first. Managers failure to consider the prevailing situation when leading their
subordinates. They fail to allow the situation dictate the particular style of
leadership to adopt.
Also is the problem of absence of an
effective line of communication between the manager and their employees. The
communication gap between leaders and their subordinate posses a big problem
for several organization as effective leadership is predicated on communication
pattern of both the managers and their subjects.
In conclusion, leaders lack
managerial experience in ensuring that workers are motivated, the absence of
motivation contributes to the inefficiency and ineffectiveness of workers.
1.3 Objective of the Study
a.
To
identify the different leadership styles and their relationship with employee
productivity
b.
To
determine the relationship between leadership styles and employee motivation
c.
To
ascertain the effects of leadership styles on employee morale
d.
To
determine the relationship between employee productivity and placement
e.
To
examine the significance of leadership styles on organization survival
1.4 Significance of the Study
This research work is aimed at
improving employee productivity through the various leadership styles. It is
also aimed at highlighting the relationship between leadership styles and
employee motivation, the significance of leadership styles on organization
survival. It will also serve as reference document to students, government,
other researchers and scholars, leaders, employee by contributing towards the
advancement of knowledge in management and other field. It is also a
requirement in partial fulfillment for the award of Higher National Diploma in Purchasing
and Supply of Kaduna Polytechnic.
1.5 Research Questions
a.
What
are the different leadership style and their relationship with employee
productivity
b.
What
are the relationship between leadership styles and employee motivation
c.
What
are the effects of leadership styles on employee morale
d.
What
are the relationship between employee productivity and placement
e.
What
are the significance of leadership styles on organization survival
1.6 Scope of the Study
The study centre on the concept of
leadership styles and their impact on employee productivity, to identify the
different leadership styles and their relationship with employee productivity,
to determine the relationship between leadership styles and employee
motivation, to determine the relationship between employee productivity and
placement, to ascertain the relationship between leadership styles on employee
morale, to establish the impact of leadership styles on organization survival.
1.7 Definition of Terms
Leadership:
The process of directing and inspiring employee to perform task and oriented
activities of the organization.
Style: The
various behavior patterns favoured by leaders during the process of directing
and influencing employee.
Productivity:
The act of carrying out an action or a piece of work.
Motivation:
The force that influence, enthusian, direct employee energy towards the
attainment of set objectives.
Autocratic:
One who rules by his own power without seeking the opinion of his subordinate.
Democratic:
One who adheres to, or promote individual participation as a principle.
Laissez faire: A
leader general principle of no interference with the free action of his
subordinate.
Organization: Are
artificially contrived structures with procedures and objectives defining the
responsibilities and highlighting who does what type of job task.
Reward: Feeling
of satisfaction derived from achieving recognition and competence.
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