FORMULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF GOVERNMENT POLICIES: A CASE STUDY OF UDENWA’S TRIPOD VISION 1999-2007
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FORMULATION AND
IMPLEMENTATION OF GOVERNMENT POLICIES: A CASE STUDY OF
UDENWA’S TRIPOD VISION 1999-2007
ABSTRACT
Concisely, the
emphasis of this research project is on the formulation and implementation of
Governmental policies: A case study of Udenwa’s Tripod Vision. This is in connection to the fact that policy
formulation and implementation is important in any administration.
Much emphasis
were laid on how policies and programmes of government are formulated and
implemented in Nigeria, Governor Achike Udenwa’s Tripod vision was also used as
a case study. This research work also
revealed the various method through which data for this work was sourced for
and it also gave analysis of the various data collected.
Finally, some
suggestion was put forward by the writer which if put into practice will
improve the process of policy formulation and it will also assist the
government in achieving desired result in formulated policies.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARIES:
Title page - -
- - -
- - -
i
Approval page - -
- - -
- - ii
Dedication-
- - -
- - -
- iii
Acknowledgement
- - -
- - -
iv
Abstract - -
- - -
- - -
v
Table of contents
- - -
- - -
vi
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Background to the
study - -
- - 1
1.2 Statement of
problems - -
- - 4
1.3 Objectives of
study - -
- - -
5
1.4 Scope and
limitation of study - -
- 6
1.5 Significance of
study - -
- - -
7
1.6 Theoritical
framework- - -
- - 8
1.7 Statement of
hypothesis - -
- - 9
1.8 Definition of
terms - -
- - -
10
References- - -
- - -
- 12
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 Literature
Review - -
- - -
13
References- - -
- - -
- 68
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY- - -
- 71
3.1 Research
Design -
- - -
- 71
3.2 Methods of data
collection - -
- - 71
3.3 Sample size -
- - -
- - 72
3.4 Sampling
techniques - -
- - -
73
3.5 Data analysis
techniques - -
- - 74
References- - -
- - -
- 75
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA -
76
4.1 Data
presentation - -
- - -
76
4.2 Data
analysis - -
- - -
- 76
4.3 Research
findings - -
- - -
81
References- - -
- - -
- 83
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Summary -
- - -
- - -
84
5.2
Recommendation - -
- - -
85
5.3 Conclusion- -
- - -
- - 85
SUPPLEMENTARY PAGES
(a)
Bibliography - -
- - -
- 87
(b) Appendix -
- - -
- - -
90
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE
STUDY
The increasing
role and impact of public administration in the lives of people in modern time
has engineered much concern about how public policies are made and
implemented. This work tries to look at
the process of formulation and implementation of governmental policies.
It is important
to note that for any management system or government to effectively carry out
the task of achieving its objective, that management system must arm it self
with the tool of effective policy formulation and implementation to enable it
adjust to the environmental changes or react to the demands of the environment.
Policy formulation and implementation like decision making requires careful
thinking and planning. It is essential
therefore that policies be designed and implemented to suit particular
situation to which they are to be applied to.
The tripod
vision of Udenwa, which was in the area of Agriculture industrialization and
re-orientation no doubt was an attempt by the former governor of Imo State to
resolve the protracted crises in the Nigerian economy. The tripod vision was
designed to address the latest challenges facing the entire people of Imo State
especially the most vulnerable groups, the down trodden and the poor in the
rural communities.
It is a
strategy which goals are the identification, planning and implementation of
programmes and projects aimed at poverty reduction and sustainable human
development. The tripod vision was a
participatory and all embracing movement towards the realization of the full
potentials of the people of Imo State through public private partnership
relationships.
Before the
adoption of National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS) as
an economic development strategy in Nigeria in September 2003, the government
has put in place in Imo State the Tripod Vision whose objectives were in the
area of Agriculture, industrialization and Re-orientation. The birth of NEEDS
reform agenda and SEEDS subsequently became more of the amplification of the
objective of the tripod vision which provided a soft landing for SEEDS in the
state.
The development
agenda of the people of Imo State was articulated under the leadership of the
government of Chief Dr. Archike Udenwa within a 2015 visionary horizon defined
by the Imo Tripod Vision seed of economic social and political emancipation.
The development
of this framework had its origin at the inception of the first tenure of the
administration in 1999. The fruit of
this effort was the first and second Imo Economic Summits held in 2000 and 2002
respectively. There were also several
studies and other consultation aimed at identification and highlighting the
development challenges facing the state.
These initiative culminated into the launching of the Tripod vision of
the administration.
The Tripod
vision was a medium term agenda for realising the enormous potential of the
state, under the direction of a people oriented Tripod Vision and guided by a
mission of balanced economic development and poverty reduction. It’s major
thrust is the full and active constructive engagement of citizens in productive
Agricultural and Industrial productive activities as well as value orientation.
1.2 STATEMENT OF
PROBLEM
The lack of
adequate information and attention to the process of formulating and
implementing public policies and programmes, has led to lack of impact or low
level of impact of most programmes implemented within the country. This problem has been caused by many
inadequacies existing in the process of policy formulation and implementation
within the country.
First, the
process of policy formulation has not been adequately consultative even with
some key stakeholders Government officials and donor representatives have
dominated the initiation of most public policies with the private sector playing
no or a minimal role.
The low
involvement of private sector and civil society in policy formulation was due
to the long period of military rule in the country that created a culture of
fear and passiveness in national policy issues.
The creation of a more competitive political environment following the
re-introduction of civilian rule and a multi party system is gradually changing
the scene as civil society and lobby groups find more space to agitate for
issues of interest to them.
Poor policy implementation has also been one
of the major problems in the country’s policy process. One of the major reasons for this state of
affair is lack of continuity, consistency and commitment to programme
implementation by succeeding government. Where such programmes are continued, they are
starved of sufficient financial resources and well trained manpower to
guarantee success.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF
STUDY
This study is
an examination of the personality characteristics of making public policy in
Nigeria and the focus is on the personality, idiosyncratic factors and the
determination of the extent to function of individual styles and value of
public policies in Nigeria.
It will also
examine the process of policy implementation and will also reveal main
obstacles to the effective implementation of public policies.
Finally, this
work will unearth whether this programme vision (Agriculture, industrialization
and re-orientation) did make any significant impact on the Nigerian
economy. In this connection, the work
will also look at the gains that has been recorded since the introduction of
this vision of Udenwa administration.
1.4 SCOPE AND
LIMITATION
The scope
covers the process of formulating and implementing government policies in
Nigeria. Of particular concern to us
will be on how the perceptions, values and leadership styles of public policy
makers affects the process of public policy making.
For the purpose
of streamlining, the scope of this work will specifically be on the key actors
in public policy making process.
On the part of
limitation, it is pertinent for the researcher to reveal certain problems
encountered in the course of writing the project. First is the issue of time, the time frame
given for the research work was not enough to adequately carry out an indept
study due to tight schedules, academic programmes etc.
Next, it was
certainly not easy for the researcher to get certain vital information from
some personalities because some declined accepting questionnaires and some
never returned questionnaires sent to them.
Finally,
financial constraint was also a limitation encountered by the researcher. The researcher has to put up with travelling
long distances in search of information and also the high cost of
transportation.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF
THE STUDY
This study will
assist to bring to the fore, the complex and inter-locking power, influence and
relationships that determines and shapes public policy making.
Through this
study, appropriate strategies for dealing with the contemporary problems of
Nigeria will be known. And also from the
knowledge derived from this work, government will be able to pursue development
goals that will enhance the living condition of the people.
On the other
hand, it is expected that a comprehensive review of laws governing policy
implementation and the technicalities involved, will bring ecological
sustainability, equity and participation in addition to raising the standard of
living of Nigerians.
This work will
also be useful to policy makers, implementers, government and the general
public etc.
Finally, by
focusing our analysis on specific periods and individuals, it is expected that
this work will expose the situation factors that influences and shapes the
nation public policy making process.
1.6 THEORITICAL FRAME
WORK
The theoretical
frame work of this work is based on the postulation of system theory. The system theory originated from David
Easton who analysed politics from the perspective of systems.
This theory
sees policy as an output of the political system. The output itself is conceived as the result
of various environmental variable acted upon by the political system.
The theory
conceives political activity as essentially involving the environment, the
political system and output. The
environment consist of the objective, conditions and forces that generates
demands and support inputs. Support consist of adherence to laws or positive
orientations which promotes the political system such as loyalty and
patriotism. Demands are the articulated
needs, problems and aspirations which are brought to bear upon the political
system.
The political
system consist of the institutions, processes and personnel of government. The political system acts as the processor of
input into output, which are authoritative allocations of values. The authoritative allocations of output are
the public policies. Public policies are
therefore the reaction of the political system to environmental demands and
pressures.
The system
theory has the advantage of insight into the totality of the policy process and
into the interactions between the components parts.
1.7 STATEMENTS OF
HYPOTHESIS
The following
hypothesis shall be tested.
1) The tripod
vision of Udenwa was not fully actualized due to poor implementation.
2) The tripod
vision of Udenwa was fully implemented.
1.8 DEFINITION OF
TERMS
POLICY FORMULATION
According to
Ikelegbe, policy formulation is the development of relevant policy in relation
to public problem and the proposition, consideration and enactment of the
policy.
POLICY
According to
Robert and Edwards, policy is defined as a set of decisions taken by a
political actor to a specified situation.
POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
According to
Okereke, policy implementation are those activities that are directed towards
putting programmes to the necessary personnel, logistic support and funds,
which will enhance the actualization of the policy objectives.
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