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CREDIT ANALYSIS AND LOAN MANAGEMENT
IN BANKING INDUSTRY (A CASE STUDY OF FIDELITY BANK PLC ENUGU)
ABSTRACT
In business
transaction, granting of credit facilities is quite universal. It is an
acceptable method of financial business transaction and activities. Granting
credit facilities to customers is a practice that cannot be avoided as long as
business is concerned, to some sensitive sectors of the economy like banking
industry, granting of credit and loans constitute their major earning that
means, the larger the credit facilities, the fatter the interest receivable at
the same time poor assessment and analysis of credit can be devastating. The
risk not withstanding, granting of loans and credit facilities enhances
economic growth and development of any nation credit provides the lubricant for
continuity of transaction regardless of the immediate available cash. The
choice of the topic is to evaluate how effective credit analysis can be
utilized to ensure survival of the national economy and grow of banking
industry. The analysis of credit and loan management practice of Fidelity Bank
Plc, my case study is taken through the analysis of retrieved data and personal
interview with some management and of the bank.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Credit
financing could be seen as back backbones of the economy. This is because one
can hardly see any business transaction without the mechanism of credit.
As financial
intermediaries, banks have the function of procession, these facilities in form
of loans and advances, to the deficit units of the economy to ensure equitable
distribution of resources development of the real manufacturing agricultural
etc loans and advances are geared to acids industrialization and development
especially in an economy like ours, which is characterized by low capital base,
inflation, low pre capital income and other unfavourable Economic indications.
Banking
lending through the most profitable activity of the bank industry, is the most
risky venture that is undertaken by the banks.
Hence,
excellence in the field of lending and credit management is excellence in the
fields of lending and credit management is essentially through practical
experience. The key to successful lending for business is a systematic credit
analysis, which deals with the process of investing those factors that give
rise to non payment of debts. The efficiency of credit decision shall b all
standards depend upon sound judgements of the officer or manager.
Hence to
succeed, the lending officer must combine expertise and flexibility in
appraisal of individuals application it is against this background that credit
analysis and loan management of fidelity bank plc is evaluated to determine it
impact in the economic development of the nation.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
This research work is essential for
efficient credit and loan management in the banking industry. This is because
of the problems it has created. In the banking industry which has led to non
compliance by some banks to the credit guidelines of the Central Bank of
Nigeria (CBN). Above all, given global economy these are a need to address the
issue.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
i. Lending an operation which forms the major
problems area if most bank activities are inadequately highlighted by bank
inspectors.
ii. The credit files of most of the borrowing
customers carry little or no information of value.
iii. Monies are not periodically removed to the
head office/branches in respect of loan and advances.
iv. These are poor control of loans management
with respect of performance of loans and advances.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
i. To evaluate the effectiveness of technique
employed by Fidelity. Bank in managing credit with a view to recommending how
best it can be done.
ii. To ascertain the effectiveness of the
credit officer and his term on reminding borrowers on their obligations as and
when due
1.4 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
For the purpose of this research work,
the following. Hypothesis have been formulated this is necessary to determine
the extent to which the quality of the staff and the adequately of collateral
security will affect the loan management by the bank.
HYPOTHESIS I
Ho: The quality of staff and their experience in
the bank credit department have no significant effect on credit analysis and
loan management.
Hi: The
quality of staff and their experience in the bank credit department have
significant effect on credit analysis and loan management.
HYPOTHESIS
II
Ho:
Collateral security is not an essential pre-condition for giving out loans to
customers.
Hi:
Collateral security is an essential pre-condition for giving out loans to
customers.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTION
i. Do you think effective credit
management reduces
incidence of non performance loans?
ii. Does your bank have advance credit
management department, if yes, how
effective are they in performing
their duties?
iii.
is collected security a pre- condition for giving out loans to customers?
iv. Do you think banks profitability is
affected by. Its credit policy?
1.7 1.6
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1. It is assumed that credit financing could be
seen as a backbone to the economy.
2. It is also assumed that credit constitute
greater percentage of banks business.
3. Through credit analysis and loan management
business transaction are expanded.
4. Proper credit analysis and loan management
enhances in the banking industry.
5. It is an essential lubricant of national
economy.
1.7SCOPE OF THE STUDY
As earlier pointed out in this study,
the primary objectives of this work are to examine how credit management
practices are being carried out in Nigeria banks. But this research work is
restricted to Fidelity Bank Plc; the conclusion research in this study will be
generalized to all the Nigerian Banks.
1.8 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
This
research work is limited by some inherent problems usually associated with
research work which include:
FINANCE
There is some place I had longed to
visit and gather more information but lack of finance hindered me.
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