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A STUDY INTO THE
SOLUTIONS OF YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
The research work focuses on graduate unemployment and how
the National Directorate of Employment (NDE) has helped in curbing it in
Anambra state. The work is aimed at determining the cause and effect of
Graduate Unemployment in Nigeria, highlight various policies and programmes put
in place by the Government to curb unemployment, assess the National
Directorate of Employment and find out problems (if any) hindering the
effective performance of the directorate and provide possible solutions. Data
was collected from both primary and secondary data while the systematic
sampling method was used in determining the sample size and the opportunistic
sampling method was used in its administration. Statistical tables and charts
were used in the data analysis.
It was discovered that inadequate awareness and poor funding
of the activities of the NDE in Anambra State undermined its activity, and that
skills acquisition is an effective tool in reducing graduate unemployment.
Consequently, specific skills acquisition schemes have been recommended as
elements that could empower unemployed graduates; that specific skills
acquisition schemes should be included in the curriculum of post-secondary
schools. Organising symposia, seminars and using the media were some of the recommendations
made for improvement on the awareness of the activities of the National
Directorate of Employment.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The global economic depression which started in the early
1980’s has caused a rapid deterioration in Nigeria’s economy industrial output
has become very low and commercial activities are hull leading to loss of
employment by thousands of Nigerians through retrenchment and rationalization
in many industries. Furthermore, the formal educational sector lame continued
to turn out a teaming of graduates annually without a matching increase in
employment opportunities.
This trend was confirmed by the labour force survey conducted
by the national manpower board in 1966/67. The situation had become so bad that
by the end of 1985 the unemployment situation had reached desperate and
alarming proportions (10%-12%) not only in the urban area but also in the rural
area while 1974 was limited to the urban centers. The resultant effect is the
increase in different kinds of antisocial activities such as house breaking
arrived robbery drugs trafficking etc.
In an effort to redress the situation and stem the tide of
increase anti-social activities arising from youths unemployment January 1987
set up the national directorate of employment (NDE) with the aim of
institutionalizing schemes to support the self-employment aspirations of the
Nigerian youths.
Various development plans had it as an objective to
effectively solve the problems of unemployment.
This has led to the initiation of various agricultural development
programmes.
Banks and industries were set up in the rural areas to give
jobs to the rural dwellers many other programmes and polices were established
but were not effective enough as to restructure the economy. Privatization and
commercialization of certain government establishment led to workers being laid
off from their jobs resulting in greater unemployment. This situation then made it necessary for the
establishment of national directorate of employment (N.D.E) to combat the
grooming problems of unemployment.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS
The problems of unemployment in Anambra state is becoming
more unbearable as it is threatening the Nigeria economy people find it
difficult to survive. An alarming structure of unemployment emerged with the
rising joblessness amongst graduates of tertiary institutions. The problem now
is finding solution (s) to unemployment problems in Anambra state.
The government on the other hand decided to alleviate this
problem by embarking on self-employment schemes as one of the measures to solve
the problems. However inspite of the government effort to alleviate the
problems of unemployment in Anambra state unemployment still persist because
not all unemployed could be deployed in the government self employment schemes
provided.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The specific objective for the study includes the following
To highlight various policies and programmes being put in
place by government in order to curb the menace of Graduate Unemployment in
Nigeria particularly National Directorate.
To find out if the National Directorate of Employment is
reducing Graduate Unemployment through its skills acquisition schemes.
To find out the problems (if any) hindering the effective
performance of the National Directorate of Employment.
To proffer possible solutions to the problems being faced by
the National Directorate of Employment and make recommendations that will help
improve the Directorate.
RESEARCH QUESTION
Is the National Directorate of Employment combating mass
employment through its skills acquisition schemes?
Is it designing and implementing programmes to combat mass
unemployment?
Are there problems that hinder its effectiveness?
Why is the unemployment rate on the rise
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study is hoped will help people especially those in the
labour force to understand better how the problems of unemployment could be
solved through the programmes and activities of NDE.
It will also help to awaken in young school leaves their
desire to seek solution to their unemployment or joblessness through NDE
programmes.
The benefits to the government is that it help the government
to assess past policy measure for solving unemployment problems
It will also help the policy formulator to formulate polices
and recommended strategies towards solving unemployment situation in Anambra
state.
Similarly it will help government to design acquisition and
self-employment programmes targeted at millions of Nigerian school leavers.
It will also help to achieve overall economic development
through adequate labour employment in Anambra state.
Through its training acquisition programme the public
especially the school leaves will be able to prepare those involved towards
acquiring the required employment skills.
Youths who before training possesses no marketable or
employable skill set wage employment or establish their own enterprises upon
graduation from NOAS training scheme.
It goes a long way in providing employment for the school
leavers who might have been under the NDE programmes.
The NDE promotes graduate employment through a range of training
scheme and attitudinal re-orientation to explore self-employment and
self-reliance as an alternative to limited opportunities for paid
employment. The organization is
promoting long-term structural change in employment expectation and job search practiced
by graduates.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study is an appraisal and is to be carried out in
Anambra state unemployment problems. The national directorate of employment
will be involved in the study, as they would constitute the population.
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The main constraint of the research is divided into 3 parts.
They are time finance and the attitude of the respondents.
Time constraints: Due to the time given for this study the
researcher could not get all the required information needed for the study
Finance: The researcher has not got enough money to embark on
this study due to money constraints the researcher could not visit places where
necessary information relevant to the study could be obtained.
Attitude of the respondent: The attitude of the respondents
limited the research work because some of the respondents were unwilling to
corporate with the researcher because they felt they have nothing to benefit
from the study both financially and otherwise.
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