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THE
ETHICS OF TAX EVASION PERCEPTUAL EVIDENCE
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this
study was to investigate the perception of tax evasion to the payment of tax on
ethical reasons. A case study of some selected Local Government Area in Akwa
Ibom State. Extensive review of the existing literature was made and relevant
information was extracted. The Design of the study is descriptive field survey
and observation method and the study was conducted at the selected Local
Government Area in Akwa Ibom State. The instrument for data collection is
structured questionnaire and the source of data used was primary and secondary
sources. The data collected were analyzed using Chi-square test (X2). Based on
the analysis of this research, the researcher discovered the following as her
data findings, that there is widespread ethical support for tax evasion, the
study showed varying degree of justification for tax evasion, that tax evasion
is ethical sometime and also found that the perceived government corruption can
make respondent to evade tax. Therefore, until those underlying cause are
addressed, tax evasion may continue to be widespread.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page - - - - -
- - -
Approval page - - - -
- - - - ii
Certification - - - -
- - - - iii
Dedication - - - - -
- - - iv
Acknowledgement - - -
- - - - v
Abstract - - - - - -
- - vi
Table of Contents - -
- - - - - vii
List of tables - - -
- - - - - viii
CHAPTER ONE –
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Historical
background to the study - - - - 1
1.2 Statement of the
Problems - - - - - 4
1.3 Objective of the
study - - - - - - 5
1.4 Research
Questions - - - - - - 5
1.5 Research
Hypothesis - - - - - - 6
1.6 Significance of
the study - - - - - 6
1.7 Scope of the
Study - - - - - - 7
1.8 Definition of
Terms - - - - - - 7
CHAPTER TWO –
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Empirical
investigation of tax evasion - - - 8
2.2 Overview of taxation
system in Nigeria - - - 10
2.3 Taxation as a
tool for fiscal policy - - - - 13
2.4 Problem of
effective tax administration in Akwa Ibom
State - - - - - - - -
- 16
2.5 Tax
administration bodies in Nigeria - - - - 19
2.6 Objective of
taxation - - - - - - 19
2.7 Tax effects - - -
- - - - - 22
2.8 Agents of tax
administration - - - - - 23
2.9 Three opinions on
the ethic of tax evasion - - 24
2.10 Reasons for tax
evasion - - - - - 26
2.11 Forms of tax
evasion - - - - - - 27
2.12 Comparison of
tax evasion and tax avoidance - - 29
2.13 Different
between tax avoidance and tax evasion - 30
CHAPTER THREE –
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design -
- - - - - - 34
3.2 Sources of data -
- - - - - - 35
3.3 Area of the study
- - - - - - - 35
3.4 Population of the
study - - - - - - 35
3.5 Sampling size
determination and sampling technique
- - - - - - - - - -
36
3.6 Reliability Test
- - - - - - - 37
3.7 Validity Test - -
- - - - - 38
3.8 Method of data
analysis - - - - - 38
3.9 Decision criterion
for validation of hypothesis - - 40
CHAPTER FOUR – RESULT
4.1 presentation of
data - - - - - - 41
4.2 Test of
Hypothesis - - - - - - 52
CHAPTER FIVE –
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary - - - - -
- - - 61
5.2 Conclusion - - -
- - - - - 62
5.3 Recommendations -
- - - - - 62
References
Questionnaire
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1 shows
questionnaire administered - - - 41
Table 4.2 Analysis of
sex respondents - - - - 42
Table 4.3: Analysis
to know if local government
really maintain tax
department? - - - - 43
Table 4.4:- Analysis
to know, if the management uses tax
funds for decision
making in their local government
area. - - - - - - - -
44
Table 4.5:- Analysis
to know whether people agree to pay
tax in their local
government or not. - - - 45
Table 4.6:- Analysis
to show how often do people pay tax in
their local
government. - - - - - 46
Table 4.7:- Analysis
to show whether tax evasion is ethically
justifiable in their
local government area? - - 47
Table 4.8:- Analysis
to show whether government is really making
use of the tax paid
by the tax payer for development? - - - - - - - - - 48
Table 4.9: Analysis
to show whether governments take
actions on people
that are practicing tax evasion. - 49
Table 4.10:- Analysis
to know what people think is the main reason
for tax evasion in
their local government. - 50
Table 4.11:- Analysis
to show whether their local government
keep proper tax
record? - - - - 51
4.11a: Question 7 and
11 in the questionnaire will be used to test for the hypothesis stated above -
- 52
Table 4.11b: Table
showing computed value of X2
hypothesis I - - - -
- - 54
Table 12a - - - - - -
- - - - 55
Table 4.12b: Table
showing computed value of X2
hypothesis III - - -
- - - 57
Table 13a: Question 8
and question 15 in the questionnaire
10
will be used to test
for the hypothesis stated above. 58
Table 13b- - - - - -
- - - - 60
CHAPTER ONE
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The word tax first
appeared in the English language only in the 14th century, it is derived from
the Latin word taxare, which means to “Assess” before that, English used the
related word task derived from old French, for a while task and tax were both
in common use, the first requiring labour, and the second money.
In the Stone Age, tax
was collected in Nigeria long before the coming of Europeans; it was collected.
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