ANALYSIS OF MANAGEMENT AND PERFORMANCE IN FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS (CADBURY NIGERIA PLC AND NESTLE FOOD NIGERIA PIC.)
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ANALYSIS OF MANAGEMENT
AND PERFORMANCE IN FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS (CADBURY NIGERIA PLC AND NESTLE FOOD
NIGERIA PIC.)
ABSTRACT
This Research Work in an attempt to the Analysis of
Management and Performance in Financial Institutions using Cadbury Nigeria Plc.
and Nestle Food Nigeria Plc as a case study. One area in which accountants in
industry can make a valuable contribution to improve financial performance is
by instituting and Interpreting business ratio analysis and applicable
predictive model, this interpretation of ratios and predictive model may often
suggest strength and weaknesses in the operations and financial position of the
company, which may lead to depth or further investigation.
The method of data collected was by questionnaire on Ratio
Analysis as a Predictive Tool for Business Performance, while secondary data
from official reports of the organization was used for productivity and
profitability. the questionnaire were distributed to the various departments to
ensure that each section employee is given a chance of being sampled and the
method of data analysis was used coding and decoding of questionnaire received
from performance of staff, under different leadership and by the use of
chi-square (X2) test.
This research work is being conducted in anticipation that it
will put an end to the problem of management succession in organization, for
better management function and improvement in the organization's productivity.
The evaluation of performance of business firm is an
important aspect of financial management since this will help all those who
have interest in the firm to make sound decision that would favour them. In the
light of the above, it is highly recommended that the ALTMANZ score could still
be used in predicting how a firm would perform.
It is recommended that when applying a model caution should
be maintained so as to be misguide, other underlying factors should' be
considered before forming an opinion on the business performance such
management policy.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Historical
Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of
Problem
1.3 Purpose of
Study
1.4 Research
Questions
1.5 Research
Hypotheses
1.6 Significance
of the Study
1.7 Scope and
Limitation of the Study
1.8 Definition of
Terms
REFERENCES
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction
2.1 Purpose and
Consideration of Ratios and Ratio Analysis
2.2 Bases in
Financial Statement
2.3
Distributional Characteristics of Financial Ratio
2.4 Parties
Interested In Financial Report
2.5 Types of
Financial Analysis
2.6 Types of
Ratios
2.7 Efficiency
Profitability Ratio
2.8 Financial
Norms
2.9 Limitation of
Financial Ratio Analysis
2.10 Historical
Background ofthe Case Study
REFERENCES
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction
3.1 Research
Design
3.2 Re-Statement
of Research Questions
3.3 Re-Statement
of Research Hypothesis
3.4 Data
Collection Method
3.4 Reliability
Test
3.5 Validity Test
REFERENCE
CHAPTER FOUR:
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS
4.0 Introduction
4.1 Data
Presentation
4.2 Data Analysis
Techniques
4.3 Analysis of
Financial Ratios of Cadbury Nigeria Plc for Study Years
4.4 Analysis of
Financial Ratios of Nestle Food Nigeria Plc for the Study Years
4.5 Testing Of
Hypothesis
4.5a Testing
Hypothesis I
4.5b Testing
Hypothesis II
4.6 Analysis of
Score Result
CHAPTER FIVE:
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary of
Findings
5.2 Findings
5.3 Recommendation
5.4 Conclusion
BIBLIOGRAPHY
QUESTIONNAIRE
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Any successive management is constantly estimating the
performance of her comparing it with the company's historical figures, with its
industry editors. And even with successful business from other industries. To
complete a thorough' examination of company is effectiveness, however, one need
to look at more than just easily attainable numbers like sales, Profits and
total assets. One must be able to read between the lines of financial
statements and make the seemingly inconsequential numbers accessible and comprehensible.
This massive data overload could seem staggering. Likely, there are many
well-tested ratios out there that make the task a bit less daunting.
Comparative analysis and evaluation helps us to identify and quantify company's
strengths and weakness, evaluate its financial position, and understand the
risks one may be taking.
As with any other form of analysis, comparative evaluation
techniques aren't definite and their results shouldn't be viewed as gospel.
Many of thebalance-sheet factors can playa role in the success or failure of a
company. But, when in concert with various other business evaluation processes
comparative management and performance are invaluable.
Mathematically, the word ratio implies the relationship of
one Item to another otherwise; it can be defined as the relationships that
exist between two or more variables whether dependent or independent. The
coefficient that is obtained by using one variable to divide the other
variables precisely tells us the positional situation Analysis therefore, is
the systematic productions from both internal and external financial reports so
as to summarize key relationships and results in order to appraise financial
performance. Analysis and the evaluation as a practical means of monitoring and
informing performance is greatly enhanced when
(a) Analysis and
evaluation are prepared regularly arid on a consistent basis so that trends can
be highlighted and the charges investigated.
(b) The analysis
prepared for an individual firm can .be compared with other firm in the same
industry. This process is greatly facilitated when the firm has ready access to
comparative ratios prepared in a standardized manner.
(c) It prepared
showing the inter-locking and inter-dependent nature of factors, which
contribute to financial success. (Terry, 2003).
Analysis in accounting is an important predictive tool of
business performance and to be able to apply the model to any business concern.
Answers should be provided to the following question which contribute the
problems that the researcher attempts to solve.
So as to reduce to the barest minimum, the variability in
investment risk become the more certain and uncertain the growth and
profitability of an organization are, the less risky is an investment in such
organization.
1.2 STATEMENT OF
PROBLEM
This research work examines the use of ratios as a predictive
tool for management and performance in order to measure the growth and
profitability if the company. But there is some dissatisfaction associated with
the use of certain techniques. These include:
(1) Analysis and
evaluation of management used in financial statement can be misleading to user
such Information if not carefully interpreted.
(2) Financial
information Analysis normally uses are adjusted for changes in the level of
general prices, which can distort the analysis and interpretation.
(3) It was historical
(initial data) and the question arises as to whether such data can provide for
a relevant basis for making predictions.
(4) The act of
analysis IS firstly, in selection of those ratios must appreciate under
circumstance and subsequently in the Interpretation of the position which they
reveal.
1.3 PURPOSE OF
STUDY
The major purpose of this study is to analyses extensively
the various financial statement with regards to telling the direction of growth
of an organization when a negative growth is noticed, adequate strategies are
then formulated to put the organization on success path.
It is also the objective of the researcher to help any reader
of this study in the following ways.
(a) The general and
specific knowledge about analysis of evaluation and the computation.
(b) That through a
careful study and monitoring of the analysis of an organization, one can predict
the direction of growth and thereafter take decision to suit individual
situation.
(c) The research put
the reader on the trial on logical reasoning, which leads to curiosity to know
more about the topic and as much leading to further research which increase the
total volume of human knowledge.
1.4 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
1. To what extent is
comparison of performance between companies is difficult to accounting policies
adopted
2. Does financial
statement calculated from accounting data subjected to different interpretation
and manipulation adopted.
3. Does financial
statements comply with all statutory requirements and other regulations
relevant to the constitution and activities of the enterprise
4. Does adequate
disclosure of all appropriate matter and the information contains in the
financial statement is properly classified and presented.
1.5 RESEARCH
HYPOTHESES
Ho: Comparison of
performance between company’s management is not difficult because of different
accounting policies adopted
Hi: Comparison of
performance between company’s management is difficult because of different
accounting policies adopted.
Ho: That financial
evaluation calculated from accounting data are not subjected to different
interpretation and manipulation
Hi: That financial
analysis calculated from accounting data are subjected to different
interpretation and manipulation.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF
THE STUDY
The aim of the study is to arouse interest in the use of
ratio analysis as an effective instrument to measure business performance and
to juxtapose the performance of each case of studies because ratios are to
measure the achievement and failure of a business. It is also an effective
instrument for prudent management of financial resource and for the growth of
the business.
This study is also help in highlighting areas where
organizations may have problem in area of financial management and encourage
such organizations to adopt the rise of ratios to see its rises and efforts.
Finally it will help students, researchers and the companies
choose a case of study in their course of study and go a long way in showing
the financial problem to shareholders, financial analyst, Governments,
Potential investors, Employees aid management as well.
1.7 SCOPE AND
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This study shall cover analysis of management and performance
of financial institution using Cadbury Nigeria Plc and Nestle Food Nigeria Plc
as case Study.
Many things shall be considered in the study and the
desirability of the project is not in doubt because of the inherent benefits,
however, the accuracy of the work cannot be hundred percent because of the
following limitation which would in one way or the other affect the conclusions
drawn upon which decision are based. So if the promise of a decision is faulty,
that decision may be misleading. These limitations therefore are:
(a) Limited Resource: Because of limited resources at the
researcher's disposal (human and financial) so far, in fact, it is a matter of
convenience. The longer the sample of a research the more the accurate the
result.
(b) Limited Time: Just like the resource put a limitation on
the study so also the limited time
(c) Cost time and Cost: This research is going to cost the
researcher in term of time, energy and money.
(d) Willingness to give out information: The information used
in the study is limited only to those required to be published to companies
according to relevant statute such as Company and Allied Matter Decree 1990
(CAMD '90). The policies regarding disclosure of some information regarded as
classified vary from company to company. The researcher therefore crowns his
conclusion from data made available and this has constitute a limited on the
accuracy of the findings.
1.8 DEFINITION OF
TERMS
1. CURRENT RATIO: Compares total current
assets to total current liabilities and it intended to indicate whether there
are sufficient short-term to meet the short-term liabilities
2. QUICK
OR ACID TEST RATIO: The only different between this and current ratio is that
quick or Acid test ratio does not include stock.
3.
GEARING RATIO: This indicates the degree of vulnerability, of earning
available for ordinary shareholders.
4. STOCK
TURNOVER: This ratio measures the number of times stock is replaced during the
period.
5.
DIVIDEND YIELD: Measures the real rate of return by comparing the
dividend paid to the market price of a share.
6.
EARNING PER SHARE (EPS): This indicates how much of a company's profit
can be attributed to each ordinary share in the company
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