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ATTITUDE OF MOTHERS TOWARDS
IMMUNIZATION IN IKPOBA-OKHA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE
ABSTRACT
This
study is attempted to provide a general information and knowledge about the
attitude of mothers towards immunization from the findings, it was observed
that ignorance and inability of mothers to get their child immunized lead to
death of children so government area advised to explain the main importance of
immunization to mothers in order to increase the rate of immunization.
TABLE
OF CONTENT
CHAPTER
ONE
Introduction
Background
of study
Statement
of the problem
Purpose
of the study
Significance
of the study
Research
questions
Scope
of the study
Limitations
of the study
Definitions
of terms
CHAPTER
TWO
Review
of related literature
Concept
of immunization
Nature
and scope of immunization
Types
of immunization
Importance
of immunization
Consequences
of not immunizing a child
Attitudes
of mothers towards immunization
CHAPTER
THREE
Research
design
Population
of the study
Sample
of the study
Sampling
techniques adopted
Instrumentation
Validation
of instrument
Method
of data collection
Method
of data analysis
CHAPTER
FOUR
Presentation
of data and discussion of results
Presentation
of data
Data
analysis
CHAPTER
FIVE
Summary
Conclusion
Recommendations
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
According to the oxford advanced
learners dictionary, immunization is the process of protecting an individual or
animal from a disease especially by giving them an injection or a vaccine.
Immunization is also defined as a process by which human beings protect
themselves from, or against deadly diseases such as poliomyelitis, measles,
tuberculosis, diphtheria, whooping cough, vaccination is also another name for
immunizing living things against deadly diseases. Immunization is done to make
the body resist invasion of pathogenic microbes like bacteria, protozoa and
virus. In immunization, a small quantity of a dead parasitic organism is
injected into the body of a healthy person (somebody that is free from that
parasite organism), the body recognized the antigen as foreign response by
realizing specialized protein called antibodies. These antibodies have specific
protective properties and the body become immune against the disease that are
caused by micro-organisms. Immunization can be active, positive, natural, or
acquired.
Acquired immunity artificially when
there is an epidemic outbreak of small doses, antibodies from an animal are
given to people to provide urgent temporary immunity to the body. Active
artificial immunity is done by injecting vaccine so as to weakened or kill the
bacteria product into the body. In this way, the body can have its own
antibodies, an example is the small pox vaccine.
Parent especially the mothers in
question do not get their children immunized. The superstition belief or idea
that disease are caused by witches and wizards are strongly rooted in their
mind, some believes that diseases are caused by evil spirit and the only way
out for them to avoid it is by offering sacrifice and some believe that it is
the sin that the parents have committed towards the gods that make the child to
be like that and there is no solution to the sickness of the child.
Some parent know where and how to
obtain it but do not take their children to the clinic for immunization while
others that made attempts to take their children to the clinic for immunization
may start and will not complete the normal dose they are supposed to give to
that child. In a particular health center, i.e. Ikpoba Okha Health center in
Edo State, between January 2007 to December 2010, fifty six thousand six
hundred and forty two (56,642) children were registered for different types of
immunization. Out of these only thirty four thousand six hundred and twenty two
(34, 622) children completed their immunization, the remaining twenty two
thousand and twenty (22,020) fall to complete their immunization. Some mothers
later brought their children to complete their immunization after along time.
When they asked them why they did not bring their children ever since, the most
population reason they gave was that, they were not chanced due to their jobs.
They devoted much time to their jobs e.g. trading, government workers etc
others said they came several times but in most occasions, the nurses asked
them to go home that the health of their babies was poor.
STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM
The decision to carry out the study
was due to the attitude of women towards immunization in Ikpoba Okha Local
Government Area. In the past, many children died before the age of 5 or before
the school age due to communicable diseases e.g. tuberculosis, diphtheria,
poliomyelitis, whooping cough, measles, tetanus etc. they did not know that
these disease could be prevented. These communicable disease were discovered by
scientific researcher, clinics are established where the disease can be prevented by treatment. Many people are not
still making use of the clinic and health center, perhaps due to ignorance,
inability of mothers to get the facilities or non availability of vaccine or
lack of understanding.
PURPOSE
OF THE STUDY
This research work is an attempt to
study the attitude of mothers towards immunization in Ikpoba Okha Local
Government Area in Edo State. The purpose of this study is to:
1. To find out why mothers refused to bring
their children for immunization
2. To know why some mothers started but refuse
to complete the normal schedule
3. To know or find out how many children
register in the clinic and health center for the immunization during the period
of January 2010 to December 2010.
4. To know the number of children who started
the immunization and completed the normal schedule
5. To know the number of children that started
the immunization but refuse to complete it.
SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
This research is expected to be of
great importance to parents and the general public in Ikpoba Okha Local
Government area who will appreciate the implication of the problem of
immunization and know the best way to handle them. The study conducted was done
to aid the following group of people.
a. The mothers
b. The health center
c. Ministry of health, Edo State.
The
Mothers: The mother will be advice properly on what they should do. The
information gathered will be of great importance which may change mother’s
attitudes towards immunization programme.
The
health center: The suggestion made will be used as a source of correction
measure to health persons on one way or the other may have contributed to the
lukewarm attitude of mothers when they bring their children for immunization
through health education and lack of follow up visit to trace defaulters.
Ministry
of health, Edo State: The findings may serve as a clue for Edo State Ministry
of health to make better plan by making of health to make better plan by making
adequate provision of vaccine and training more people into the health sector
to promote child immunization in Edo State.
RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
Based on the assumption made, the
following research questions are postulated.
1. Does ignorance of mothers contribute to
their attitude towards immunization?
2. Does lack of immunization lead to death of
children?
3. Do mother get actively involved and
delighted in the immunization of the children?
4. Does the behaviour of health workers affect
mothers in the immunization of their children?
SCOPE
OF THE STUDY
This is restricted to the attitude of
mothers towards immunization in some selected health centres in Ikpoba Okha
Local Government Area of Edo State. The sample population is made up of mothers
who were selected by simple random process.
DEFINITION
OF TERMS
Health:
The state of well being physically and mentally.
Health
Center: A building where group of doctors, nurses and health workers see their
patients.
Mothers:
A female parent of a child.
Child:
A young human who is not yet an adult.
Immunization:
To protect a person or an animal from disease or an animal from disease
especially by giving them an injection or a vaccine.
Measles:
An infectious disease especially of children that cause fever and small red
spots that cover the whole body.
Tuberculosis:
A serious infectious disease in which swellings appear on the lungs and other
part of the body.
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