THE ESSENCE AND EFFECT OF BREASTFEEDING ON THE GROWING CHILD: A CASE STUDY OF IKPOBA OKHA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE
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THE ESSENCE
AND EFFECT OF BREASTFEEDING ON THE GROWING CHILD: A CASE STUDY OF IKPOBA OKHA
LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE
ABSTRACT
This study
is based on the essence and effect of breastfeeding in the growing child.
Questionnaire were constructed and distributed to 150 respondents. Data was
analyzed using percentage. Breast-feeding has been nature’s best and easiest
way of feeding infants with milk formula. Milk is nutritious and protective to
the infant. They courser immunity on babies most mother do not like to breast
feed their infants. The government should establish baby friendly centres in
some strategies places to enable mothers’ breastfeed their babies during office
hour. Proper education of breast feeding should be given to expectant mothers
at clinic and maternity homes by the nurses and midwives. Lastly, working
mothers in secondary school should be encouraged to breast feed their babies up
to the maximum limits given by world health organization.
TABLE OF
CONTENT
CHAPTER
ONE
Background
to the study
Statement of
the problem
Purpose of
the study
Significance
of the study
Research
questions
Scope of the
study
Limitation
of the study
Definition
of terms
CHAPTER TWO
Review of
related literature
General
problems militating against breast feeding among working mothers
Factors that
discourage breast feeding
Effects of
breast feeding on mothers and infants
Measures of
control to breast feeding
Importance
of breast feeding
Benefits of
breast feeding to the environment and the society
CHAPTER
THREE
Research
design
Population
of the study
Sample of
the study
Instrumentation
Validation
of instrument
Method of
data collection
Method of
data analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
Presentation
of data and discussion of results
Data
analysis
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary,
conclusion and recommendation
Summary
Conclusion
Recommendation
REFERENCE
APPENDIX
(QUESTIONNAIRE)
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
The
indigenous person of Nigeria has some certain ideas which formed the basis of
their system of values. This system of values is manifested or expressed in all
aspect of the life including the breast feeding of infants. Breastfeeding has
been the recognized natural process of providing the most adequate nutrition
for the baby. With the advent of Western civilization certain aspect of our
indigenous culture were bastardized. With the introduction of feeding bottles,
which was to assist the working mothers, practices now embraced by all mothers
was seen as modernization in feeding babies. In view of this background, we
want to look carefully into the concept of Breast-feeding of the infant child.
Among the working class in the College of Education, Ekiadolor-Benin.
Breastfeeding
is the feeding of an infant or young child with breast milk directly from
female breast that is through location rather than from a feeding bottle or
other containers. Babies have a sucking reflex that enables them to suck and
swallow milk. It is recommended that mother’s breast feed for six months or
more without the addition of infant formula, solid food or water. Mothers are
advised to continue breastfeeding for at least a year. Human breast milk is the
healthiest form of milk for babies. Here are few exceptions, such as when the
mother is taking certain drugs or infected with human lymphotropic virus, human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV), if not taking ARVS or has active untreated tuberculosis.
Breast-feeding promotes health and helps to prevent diseases, artificial
feeding is associated with more deaths from diarrhea in infants in both
developing and developed countries.
Experts
agree that breastfeeding is beneficial and have concerns about artificial
formulas but there are conflicting views about how long exclusive breastfeeding
remains beneficial. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the American
Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) emphasize the value of breast feedings for mothers
as well as children. Both recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first six
months of life. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that this
be followed by supplemented breastfeeding for at least one year. While WHO
(2001) Global strategy for infant and young child feeding. The optimal
deviation of exclusive breast feeding, recommends that supplemented
breastfeeding continues up to two years or more. While recognizing the
superiority of breast feeding regulating authorities also work to minimize the
risks of artificial feeding.
In Edo
State, it was suggested that baby care centers be established close to the
working mother’s places of work to enable them to breast feed their babies from
time to time.
Breastfeeding
is a concept that often evokes deeply held beliefs that are rooted in culture.
For many people, it conjures up a warm image of a mother nurturing and
nourishing her young offspring. For others, it creates a repulsive mental image
of a woman exposing herself in a deviant fashion. Yet for others, a benign
picture of a baby feeding at the breast comes to mind. Our attitudes regarding
breastfeeding are highly reflective of the culture and environment from which
we come. Although there are numerous benefits for babies, mothers, and society,
breastfeeding is often not the feeding method of choice today for many women in
this country. Breastfed babies have lower morbidity and mortality rates; breast
milk provides perfect nutrition, passive immunity, aids in the formation of
baby’s active immunity, and maximizes a baby’s physical and intellectual
potential (Gartner, et al., 2005). Mothers experience many benefits of
breastfeeding also. It speeds the recovery from pregnancy and decreases the
risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage, pre-menopausal female cancers,
osteoporosis, and heart disease (Gartner, et al., 2005). Both babies and
mothers enjoy the close, unique bond that is formed by breastfeeding. Society
benefits as well, by the conservation of healthcare dollars, maximization of
food resources, improved birth spacing, financial savings to families, reduced
government expenditures for formula and healthcare, and reduction in energy
usage and waste production.
Breastfeeding
promotion is one of the most basic and important health initiatives today. The
benefits of breastfeeding to infants, mothers, and society are indisputable. As
the costs of government funded programs and healthcare systems skyrocket,
breastfeeding provides reductions in both short- and long-term expenditures.
Governments, corporations, hospitals, and insurance companies need to advocate
for a culturally sensitive, breastfeeding-friendly society in order for change
to occur. The investment that is made now to increase breastfeeding rates in
this country will pay dividends for generations to come.
STATEMENT OF
THE PROBLEMS
Breastfeeding
has been the natural and best way of feeding infant time immemorial. This
important and natural mode of infant nutrition has been subjected to ridicule
the state affair, may well be as a result of mis- formation and ignorance and
bottle feeding has replaced breast feeding. This trend is most outstanding
among literate.
This
statement of the problem of this study is to research on breast feeding effect
of breast feeding on the growing child. This research is also to find out
solution to the following research questions.
Breastfeeding
adopted by mothers encouraged?
What effect
does breastfeeding have on the growing child?
What is the
control measures adopted for breastfeeding?
PURPOSE OF
THE STUDY
The purpose
of this study will be to determine the essence and effect breastfeeding on the
growing child. The researcher’s work is centred on the essence and effect of
breastfeeding on the growing child. The main aim of carrying out this study
therefore is to:
Critically
examine the concept of breast feeding
Find the
positive and negative effects of breastfeeding to the growing child.
Identify the
problems of breast feeding.
Proffer or
recommend possible solutions to the problems.
SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
In view of
the present problem of working mothers and breast feeding and the dangers of
inadequate breastfeeding and the adverse effect on mothers and infants, the
research study will help the individual mothers, physical education
administration, health workers and the entire local government area, especially
for those mothers who because of ignorance or selfish interest do not want
improvement on adequate breast feeding of the infants. The findings and recommendations
of this research are also expected to help the state and the local government
area in drawing plans to improve on the breast feeding practices and working
mothers.
RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
In this
study, certain research questions are needed as they are related to the
problem. The research questions are stated as follows:
Are the
mothers aware of the benefits of breastfeeding to themselves and their infants?
Does
breastfeeding have any effect on nursing mothers and the babies?
Does the
working mother make use of bottle feeding more than breast milk?
Are there
poor/bad attitude of mother towards breast feeding?
SCOPE OF THE
STUDY
The problems
of breastfeeding are indeed a universal one. As a matter of fact, I intended to
deal extensively with this study for this sis very important in the development
of infant, and to the society. However the study is limited to breastfeeding
mothers in Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area of Edo State.
DEFINITION
OF TERMS
Breastfeeding:
This is the process of a woman feeding her baby with the milk from her breast.
Lactation:
Lactation is the production of milk from the breast after giving birth.
Nutrition:
This is the process of supplying and receiving nourishment.
HIV: Is a
virus which reduces people resistance to illness and can cause Acquired
Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV is an abbreviation for human
Immunodeficiency virus.
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