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ENVIRONMENTAL
FACTORS AND PERFORMANCE OF SMALL BUSINESS ENTERPRISE
CHAPTER ONE
BACKGROUND
OF STUDY
There is
controversy that small and medium scale business in any country where they
operate play important role in the economic growth and development of that
country or nation and it improves the quality of life of individuals (Ohanemu,
2006).Business organizations anywhere in the world operates within environments
which according to Adidu & Olanye (2006) is an aggregate of all conditions,
events, circumstances and influences that surround and effect the business
organization.In management, the term “Environment” does not necessarily mean
physical surroundings but, it is used as a total forces, factors and influences
that surround and affect business organizations as a separate entity as well as
other business organizations. This means that business organizations must
interact with those forces that influence its decisions, directions, actions,
size, health, profitability and performance of the organization as a
whole.Ukaegbu (2004) stated that the contemporary environment is becoming dynamic
and competitive and since business organizations do not operate in vacuum, they
affect and are affected by environment conditions. Therefore, business
organizations irrespective of their objectives must take into consideration,
these environmental opportunities and constraints. Businesses affect the
environment by providing the required goods and services thereby contributing
to the development of the business by presenting opportunities and threats. One
thing to be emphasized at this point is that, the extent to which managers
could identify, evaluate and react to the environmental forces will have
considerable impact on organizational performances.Kuye, (2004), emphasized
that the need to study business environments is very important considering the fact
that business organizations do not operate in vacuum and an effective
management in complex and dynamic society requires the assessment of strengths
and weaknesses of the organization and the opportunities and threats provided
by the challenges of the external environment, hence for survival and growth,
organizations must cope and adopt to these challenges posed by the ever
changing environment (internal & external) in which managers operate means
that mangers must not only be aware of what constitutes the elements of their
business environment but also should be able to respond to the forces of the
environment which inevitably impinges on the operations of the business
organization.Ukaegbu (2006) further stated that the relationship between a
business organization and its host environment can be examined from three
strategic ways; Firstly, the organization can be viewed as importing various
kinds of inputs (resources), such as human resources, capital, managerial and
technical inputs. These inputs are then transformed to provoke output which
takes the form of goods and services. A second approach is the study of the
relationship between the organization and the society. It focuses on the
demands and legitimate rights of different claimants such as employees,
consumers, suppliers, stakeholders, government and the community. A third
approach is to view the organization as operating in an external environment of
opportunities and constraints. Thus no single approach is sufficient for all
times and in all circumstances. They are complementary. The elements external
to the organization affects its performance as well as those elements within
the organizations.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The effects
of environment on organizational performance vary from one situation to
another. The environment suitable for the growth of a particular business may
be hostile to the survival of another business. The problems that necessitated
this research are as follows:
Assess
impact of environmental factors that has the performance of small scale
enterprises in Oshimili North Local Government Area
The ability
to identify, evaluate and react to the challenges are critical to
organizational performance.
Therefore,
this study seeks to investigate the impact of business environment on
organizational performance of small scale business in Oshimili North Local
Government Area.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The purpose
of the study is to assess the extent to which environmental factor affects the
performance of small business enterprises, evaluate it, determine its success
and failure and discuss its likely effects on organizational survival and
growth. The other objectives this research seeks to achieve are:
To determine
the extent to which environmental factors affect organizational growth and
survival of small scale business.
To determine
the relationship existing between small scale business and its operating
environments.
To determine
the challenges facing small scale businesses within Oshilimi North Local
Government Area.
To examine
how small scale business manage these environmental factors.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
In order to
arrive at a precise answer to the effect of environmental factors on the
performance of small scale businesses, the following research questions shall
be tested;i. To what extent do environmental factors affect growth and survival
of small scale businesses.ii. Is there a relationship existing between small
scale business and its operating environment. iii. What are the challenges
facing small businesses within Oshimili South Local Government Areas.
iv. How do small scale businesses manage these
environmental factors?
What are the
available incentives provided by the government to support small scale
businesses?
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
The
following formulated hypothesis would be tested in order to help provide
answers to the research questions;
H0: There is
no significant relationship between external environment factors and
performance of small scale business.
H1: There is significant relationship between
external environment factors and performance of small scale business.
H0: There is no significant relationship between
increased productivity of small business and socio-cultural factors within the
business environment where it operates.
H1: There is significant relationship between
increased productivity of small business and socio-cultural factors within the
business environment where it operates.
H0: There is no significant relationship between
the fiscal incentives provided by the government, and enhanced performance of
small business.
H1: There is significant relationship between the
fiscal incentives provided by the government, and enhanced performance of small
business.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study
will be highly useful after its completion for both current and future
entrepreneurs, business organizations and the government. This research study
on the effects of environment factors on performance of small scale business in
Oshimili North Local Government Area would have considerable benefits on the
small scale business operating within this business environment in that it
would;
Help these
businesses become sensitive to the uncontrollable external environmental
factors impinging on the performance of their businesses and how they can
effectively manage these factors and top the opportunities for enhanced
productivity and profitability.
To an
entrepreneur: The knowledge obtained from this study will enable them to know
how critical environmental factors are and how to effectively manage these
factors for the survival and growth of small scale businesses.
To organizations
and the society: The study will equally be useful to organization and the
society at large in the sense that knowledge about technological advancement
generation through small scale business source of credit facilities to
establish small business will be acquired.
To the
Government: This research will also be useful to the government in the
formulation of policies towards small scale enterprises development in Nigeria.
It will also help the government to identify the importance of small scale
enterprises in the achievement of economic growth and development in Nigeria.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDYThis study covers
environmental factors and its effects on the performance of small scale
businesses in Oshimili North Local Government Area. The study basically focused
on the challenges of these businesses managing the dynamic nature of their
business environment in achieving organizational performance.
1.8 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
However,
there were some constraints that impinged on the research, these are;
Financial
constraint: The cost of sourcing
information and administering questions was quite on the high side, which
included visiting various small businesses in the various towns that made up
the local government.
The limited
time frame given to achieve the research was also a constraint to the study.
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