A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE LEADERSHIP STYLE OF MALE AND FEMALE PRINCIPAL IN SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN OREDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE
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A
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE LEADERSHIP STYLE OF MALE AND FEMALE PRINCIPAL IN
SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN OREDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE
ABSTRACT
The purpose
of this survey research is to explore the comparative study of the leadership
style of male and female principal in selected secondary schools in Oredo Local
Government Area of Edo State. The subjects of this study include 20 public
schools, principal and 100 public school teachers. The questionnaire has two
parallel forms one for the headmasters to rate themselves and another in which
teachers can rate the headmasters. According to section (1) and (2) the
principal rated themselves as the highest on the human resources frame. In
addition to this, the majority of the headmasters consider themselves as being
effective leaders and managers. As to teachers ratings of the headmaster were
rate the highest on the human resources in section 1 and section 2. Moreover,
the majority of the teachers thank that the headmasters that they work with,
are effective managers and leaders.
TABLE OF
CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
Background
of the study
Statement of
the problem
Purpose of
the study
Research questions
Hypothesis
Significance
of the study
Delimitation
of the study
Limitation
of the study
Definition
of terms
CHAPTER TWO
Literature
review
CHAPTER
THREE
Research
methodology
Population
of the study
Sample and
sampling technique
Research
instrument
Validity and
reliability
Method of
administering the research instrument
Method of
data analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
Presentation
and analysis of data
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary,
conclusion and recommendation
Summary of
findings
Conclusion
Recommendation
REFERENCES
QUESTIONNAIRE
CHAPTER ONE
The school
head is the executive officer in charge of any post primary instruction, may be
a secondary school, a high school technical school, or a combination of all,
for this study. Therefore, the word school head principal, will be used. The
ultimate task of any school is the achievement of defined goals. Therefore, the
principal as the leader is involved in making management decision, formulating
rules, maintaining and coordinating all activities to achieve their goals.
Itsueli
(2000) pointed out that the main purpose of leadership in any organization is
that of cooperating efforts of people towards the achievement of its goals. In
which case, teaching and learning becomes the central aim while the success or
failure is goals attained. The degree
of goals attainment therefore, depend on how well the school head is able to
act those roles that have been made, in order words, the leadership style
adopted.
Kenzevich
(2003) identified three main leadership styles in schools namely, the
democratic, autocratic and laissez-faire styles of leadership. He further went
on to define each of them as follows, that an autocratic leader is one who
determines his policies and assigns duties to members of his group without any
consultation with them, his words are final and he feels that every member of
the group should obey him exceptionally proud and feel very superior.
A democratic
leader on the other hand is one who takes decisions and formulates his policies
only after consulting members of his group. He interacts always with members of
his group. The laissez-faire is one who grants complete freedom to members of
his group or individuals to take decision without participation.
No
organization can effectively function if such units are streamlined towards the
attainment of the organizational goals. The degree of achievement of those
attendance units as viewed in this study is a reflection of the quality of
leadership within such a functional unit. The indices for measuring such a
success in a attendance could include the standard of students performance in
the school certificate examination, the general level of students discipline
and the degree to which the school is crisis-free. In essence, this study intends to examine
the different leadership style adopted by male and female school heads; it is
also designed to measure their success or failure in goal attainment.
In Nigeria
today, post-primary administrative structure, regardless of their complexities
of organization, exhibit some similarities which may be found in many of the
relationships, duties and functions expected of a principal within the school.
In Oredo
local government, as well as in other parts of Nigeria, the principal in any
post-primary school is often seen and perceived by most people as the key
person influencing the condition affecting the social relationship within the
school. He occupies a unique position in the educational leader and people look
up to him for leadership recognizing the fact that the quality of education in
school is directly related to his knowledge and still as an education on
stimulating people to optimum performance in achieving the institutional goals
and objectives. The success or failure of a school depends upon the principal
and his success depends on the style of leadership he adopts.
Many
researchers have shown that the style of leadership offered school makes a lot
of difference in attaining the goals of the institution and it is on the basis
of this, that one leadership style is preferred to another.
Knickerbockers
(2009) contend that a goal leader must understand the goals of his
establishment and must constantly help to clarity them to his subordinates. He
has to encourage individuals to contribute to the success of the organization
and must be perceived by his followers as controlling needs. This, a leadership
style or method must be developed, such that will lead to the most effective
utilization of available resources.
Precisely
the objectives of study are in four fold which are:-
To determine
whether the leadership approach of a principal has any effect on the success of
failure of a school.
To determine
the leadership styles peculiar to male and female principals.
To also
determine the leadership style that is suitable to the success of a school
To identity
the different leadership style.
1.3 PURPOSE OF STUDY
This study
aims at establishing the relationship between the leadership and performance of
subordinates and to show the relevance of the leadership style to the
performance of pupils and students.
To present
some things those principals can do to cultivate leadership ability that would
be of immense help in the administration of schools under their care.
In the
course of normal life, many problems of varying degrees often call for
different solutions and not just a
solution to solving the problems.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Education
must be led by educationalists, not by medical expertise. The following
hypothesis serves as a guide to this study.
Is a school
in which the principal adopt the democratic style of leadership likely to
perform better generally than a school in which the principal adopts autocratic
style?
Is a school
in which the principal exhibits the autocratic style of leadership likely to
perform better than a school where the principal adopts the laissez-faire
style?
The male
principals autocratic than their female counterpart?
Do female
principals exhibit more of a laissez-faire style of leadership than their male
counterpart?
Are female
principals more democratic than their male counterpart?
The study
will help prospective administers, theorist, policy makers and practitioners in
the administration of schools in Nigeria.
Also, the
study would show the relationship between leadership behavior of different
principals in Nigeria and those of their counterparts in developed countries
like America, Britain and Canada. It is also hoped that the efficiency of those
in the school system will be enhanced which will help to impose the performance
of pupils alike. Thereby enabling they contribute their quota to the
development of the society and making the society a better place for all.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study
includes ten secondary schools in Oredo local government; four of the ten
schools are boys only. Four of them are girls only. Two are mixed out of the
ten schools, two are privately owned.
Leadership
styles are known to be numerous and vary from one person to another, but this
study was confined to three methods namely: Democratic style of leadership,
Autocratic style of leadership
For the
purpose of this study, the terms stated below are operationally defined.
DE CRITIC
PRINCIPAL: one who takes his decision after due consultation with other member
of staff.
PRINCIPAL:
this is the executive head of a school.
AUTOCRATIC
PRINCIPAL: one who takes his decision without consulting any members of staff.
LAISSEZ-FAIRE:
one who depends on the member of staff to set their goals and the means of
achieving them.
STREAMLINED:
Make or more efficient and effective by employing faster or simpler working
method.
CRISIS-
FREE: A crucial or decisive point or situation, especially a difficult or
unstable situation involving an impending change.
ADMINISTRATIVE:
Relating to the running of a business, organization e.t.c
Complexities:
The state or quality of being intricate or complicated.
EDUCATIONALIST: a person who has a special knowledge of the
principals and methods of teaching.
COUNTERPART:
a person or thing that corresponds to or has the same functions as another
person or thing in a different place or situation.
Unpublished
master’s thesis. Osmangazi university Eski-Ehir.
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