THE PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH TEACHING AND LEARNING OF MATHEMATICS: A CASE STUDY OF OVIA NORTH EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE
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THE PROBLEMS
ASSOCIATED WITH TEACHING AND LEARNING OF MATHEMATICS: A CASE STUDY OF OVIA
NORTH EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE
ABSTRACT
The problems
associated with teaching and learning mathematics is of great concern to
mathematics educators and mathematicians. However in all the states in Nigeria
including Edo State, teaching and learning of mathematics have not been without
problem. For some time now, there has been public outcry over the poor state in
teaching and learning generally and mathematics to be specific. This reflected
in the poor achievement especially in mathematics in the Senior School
Certificate Examination. The yearly result in the ordinary level examination in
mathematics obviously indicated low numbers of credit passes. The motivation of
this study aroused when considering all these. The study sought to explain the
problems associated with teaching and learning of mathematics in secondary
schools. The poor performance of students in mathematics in secondary schools
has generated a lot of heat on the educational system. It was in consideration
of this issue that the motivation of this study aroused. The study focused on
the problems of teaching and learning mathematics is mostly associated with the
teachers under qualification and in-experience in mathematics. However, the
researcher recommended that the government and school authorities should employ
more qualified mathematics teachers and organize seminars, workshops or
conferences and in-service training to upgrade the practicing ones. The
official of government agency incharge of secondary school education should
faithfully implement the budget to reflect the purpose of the budgeting in our
school system.
TABLE OF
CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
Background
to the study
Statement of
the problem
Purpose of
the study
Significance
of the study
Scope of the
study
Limitation
of the study
Research
Questions
Definitions
of Operational Terms
CHAPTER TWO
Review of
Related Literature
Introduction
Areas of
problems of teaching and learning of mathematics
Reasons why
students struggle with mathematics
How to curb
problems of teaching and learning mathematics
Summary on
reviewed studies
CHAPTER
THREE
Research
Design
Population
of the Study
Sample and
Sampling Techniques
Instrumentation
Administration
and Collection of Data
Validity and
Reliability of the instrument
Data
Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
Data
Analysis
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary
Conclusion
Recommendations
REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Study
It is widely
believed that mathematics is very important to the economic, scientific and
political development of any nation. It is because of this common phenomenon
that made every nation in the world to make mathematics a compulsory subject in
every aspect of educational system.
The
principles of mathematics are generally understood at an early age. When
missed, it give birth to anxiety which includes a feelings of tension,
apprehension or fear that interferes with mathematics performance. Mathematics
anxiety is a phenomenon that cuts across some students in secondary schools
because they tend to miss its principles.
Umionyang
(1997), referred to mathematics as the foundation for science without which a
nation can never be prosperous and economically independent. He further noted
that competence in mathematics provides many of the opportunity for personnel
required by industry, science, technology and education. Considering the
contributions of mathematics to the contemporary world, one would have expected
mounting interest on it as a discipline that is truly the language of science
and technology but the reverse seems to be the case.
From a
personal study carried out, there is poor performance in mathematics
examinations. It is ironical that in our pre-science and
technologically-oriented world, the youths who would have taken charge of
global affairs in the future; the running of industries and the means of
production, research laboratories, space technology and international politics
are shying away from the very subject that should have adequately prepare them
for such roles. The student’s flight in the secondary school is very alarming.
We are
cognizant of the historical facts that the old indigenous cultures were
pacesetters in mathematics and subsequently, made notable scientific
discoveries. In Nigeria and Edo State in particular, the students performance
in mathematics in secondary schools has continuously reflected poor performance
over the years and this perhaps, could be attributed to the various problems
associated with the teaching and learning of mathematics in secondary schools,
According to
Uwadiae (2009) quoted in punch newspaper, 2009 that seventy seven percent (77%)
of the candidates who sat for 2008 West African School Certificate Examination
failed to get credit in mathematics. In view of this National challenge, this
study sought to find out what could have influenced the problem, since
mathematics was introduced into the syllabus with proper study, so many
problems have been confronting effective teaching and learning of mathematics
like.
The attitude
of students towards the learning of mathematics.
Unqualified
teachers or using non- mathematics specialists to teach the subject in some
Nigeria schools.
Lack of
learning facilities e.g. mathematics laboratories in school.
Lack of
appropriate method of teaching mathematics.
Overcrowding
of mathematics syllabus.
The problems
associated with teaching and learning of mathematics is seen from the lukewarm
attitudes of some mathematics teachers and their ineffectiveness in mathematics
education. Lack of student-teacher relationship has also been seen in the
environment in which teaching and learning is conducted.
Teaching and
learning of mathematics in secondary schools is very essential, no doubt
because, it is regarded as a yardstick in the development of any nation.
1.2
Statement of the Problem
The
importance of mathematics to the world and to a nation’s technology
breakthrough has been highlighted in the foregone section. This has been the
reason why mathematics is given prominence in the school curriculum and
timetable. However, in Edo State, the teaching and learning of mathematics have
not been without problems. For some time now, there has been a growing concern
over the poor teaching and learning of mathematics with the resultant [poor and
falling standard in secondary schools’ student performance in mathematics. The
West Africa Senior School Certificate Examination and other related examination
body recognized in Nigeria have always indicated decrease in number of passes.
In addition,
students are likely to attend schools that are poorly constructed with
inadequate teaching and learning facilities. The curriculum with an overcrowded
syllabus. Most mathematics teachers lack teaching affective characteristic and
insufficient teacher training program. On the side of students, is loss of
interest in learning mathematics and the teachers not showing enough motivation
to arouse student’s interest in learning mathematics?
To what
extent would all these problems of teaching and learning mathematics affect
student performance in mathematics education? All these prompted the researcher
to identify problems of teaching and learning of mathematics in some selected
schools in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State.
1.3 Purpose
of the Study
The main
purpose of this study is to find out the problems of teaching and learning of
mathematics in Nigerian schools by considering;
The
qualities of teachers teaching mathematics in Nigeria schools.
The
activities of students toward learning of mathematics in Nigeria schools.
The factors
militating against effective utilization of available instructional materials
in the teaching and learning of mathematics.
It is the
intention of the researcher to study the problems associated with the teaching
mathematics in addition, the reasons behind the students’ failure of
mathematics and lack of interest in the subject will be elucidated upon during
the course of this research work.
1.4 Significance of the Study
The need for
this research is to elicit useful information that could be the problems
associated with teaching and learning of mathematics in secondary schools. Not
until useful ideas to the problems militating against mathematics education is
unraveled, through a research of this kind, we will not be able to suggest
useful and workable solutions to the problems.
The research
will be of help to policy makers in education, in review of curriculum
development and implementation, proper repositioning of teacher training
program and also be of help to teachers as it will expose areas where the
teachers need to put more efforts in the teaching of mathematics. It will
further help teachers in employing better techniques and methods of teaching to
the best understanding of the students. In addition, the findings of this
research will help students concerned to appreciate the subject mathematics,
expose the importance of mathematics, the wonders, fun and happiness it gives
thereby encouraging them to put in more effort and to remove every negative
sentiments, and fear students have towards the study of mathematics.
The study is
an eye opener to the general public in making people see the usefulness of
mathematics in day to day activities and the indispensible contribution of
mathematics in nation building. It makes the society have a grasp of their
action and inaction towards mathematical education.
1.5 Scope of the Study
This study
is a quantitative survey that will cover five secondary schools selected in
Ovia north East Local Government Area of Edo State. Both sexes of teachers and
students shall be used as subjects to get information on the teaching and
learning of mathematics through a self-report instrument (questionnaire).
1.7 Research Question
The
following research questions are put forth to guide the researcher in this
study:
Do
mathematics teachers have the required qualification to teach mathematics
effectively?
Are there
enough teaching aids to teach mathematics effectively?
Is the
mathematics syllabus overcrowded?
To what
extent does the environmental influence affect the performance of student in
learning mathematics?
How do
students perceive mathematics as a student?
1.8 Definition of Terms
Problems:
This can be seen as obstacle that is hindering the effectiveness of a thing.
Teaching:
This is the process of imparting knowledge
Learning:
This is a process whereby there is a relative permanent change in behaviour due
to impartation of knowledge.
Academic
Qualification: Is an academic skills quality or attribute that make somebody
suitable for a teaching job.
Teacher
Experience: This is a kind of skill acquired through being involved in teaching
over a period of time.
Teaching
Techniques: Is the procedure or skill required to impart mathematics knowledge
to the student.
Teaching
Aids: Teaching materials that helps teacher in transmitting mathematical
knowledge to the students.
Student
Motivation: It is a positive reinforcement that stimulate students to show
interest in learning mathematics.
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