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THE EFFECT
OF SINGLE PARENTING ON THE BEHAVIORAL PATTERN OF CHILDREN
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND OF STUDY
In Nigeria
today, most children are from a family of lone parent; this might be as a
result of untimely death of one’s husband or one’s wife; it could be as a
result of birth out of wedlock.
Bring up a
child under the guidance of their parents become a problem especially the child
that is with just his or her mother. Because mothers are not as authoritative
as the fathers. Children with lone parents tends to be of a bad behavior
compared to those with both parents.
Financially,
morally and psychologically the children with lone parents are affected.
Now on the
financial aspect of it, the lone parent might be just the mother; she might not
be doing very well in business and can not provide all the needs of their
children, this might lead the children to look for financial assistance by all
means and they might end up stealling, meeting with bad friends as this will
affect their behaviour. Mother will be struggling to meet up with the demand of
her children and will not have the time to always advice them on what to do and
what not to do.
On the area
of children with just the father as a parent, will not have the guidiance from
the mother; father will be out always to provide food for the family, no
emotional attention will be given to their children.
The father
can only provide money for their feeding, but will not prepare the food for the
children. The worst of it all is when a child falls in the hand of a drunk
father who is always out of the house, the children will suffer the absence of
their father.
Some might
take up to the father’s drinking habit and this have a very bad influence on
the children.
Most
children with a single parent find a way to survive because of lack of proper
parental support, some become hard just to fit in the society.
On the area
of academic performance, most children with lone parent tends to become drop
out of school, some peform badly at school because of financial challenges,
either to pay their school fees or to buy their textbooks and other learning
materials.
So many
research work has been done concerning the effect of single parenting on the
behavioural pattern of children. Consider some cases in Nigeria, we found out
that single-parent families to those raised in families with two biological
parents consistently find that those raised in two-parent families with
biological parents do better on educational achievement and adjustment in
school (Carlson and Corcoran 2001; Hetherington and Clingempeel 1992; McLanahan
and Sandefur 1994; Pryor and Rodgers 2001). A part of this difference may be
due to single mothers’ lower educational attainment, less social support, fewer
economic resources, and more stressful environments (Carlson and Corcoran 2001;
Dunn et al. 1998; McLoyd 1990; O’Connor et al.2001). However, children in
mostly white, middle-class stepfamilies also do less well on a range of
outcomes than their counterparts in two-parent families with biological parents
(Amato and Gilbreth 1999; McLanahan and Sandefur 1994). This suggests that
biological fathers are important for children’s well-being and development.
Despite the
foregoing, however, some have concluded that absent biological fathers may not
be all that important in black single-mother families, given the presence of
father figures (or “social fathers”) who may be viable substitutes or
replacements for absent and uninvolved biological fathers (Furstenberg 1995;
King and Cherlin 2002). Since many black children have never lived with their
biological father in the conventional sense, others have assumed that the
implications of never having had a father present in the home are probably
different from the implications of having had a biological father present who
left, as in most white stepfamilies (Mott 1990). Stated differently, there is
some suggestion in the literature that the salutary effects of being raised by
two biological parents that seem to apply to children in middle-class white
families may not apply to children in mostly poor and near-poor single-parent
black families.
The present
study tested this notion. In doing so, we expected that more frequent contact
between nonresident fathers and their 3-year-old children at time 1 in poor and
near-poor single-mother black families would moderate the potentially negative
effects of mothers’ parenting stress and frequent spanking (or negative
parenting) on child behavior problems in kindergarten a year to a year and a
half later (at time 2). This is important because research demonstrates that
children who perform well as they begin their school careers tend to continue
to do so, while children who have poor starts tend to continue to do poorly in
school (Alexander and Entwisle 1988; Ladd and Price 1987).
There are
several ways in which nonresident fathers can have an influence on children’s
well-being. They can maintain contact with their children and pay child
support. Studies have shown that many nonresident fathers have infrequent
contact with their children and fail to pay child support (Furstenberg and
Harris 1992; Hawkins and Eggebeen 1991).
1.2
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The issue of
single parenting has risen to about 60% in Nigeria;the society today no longer
advice the children especially the female counterpart on the risk and set backs
in being a single parent. The federal government of Nigeria has set aside funds
for the ophanage homes but no funds have being set aside for lone parents,
there are no such funds for single parenting.
1.3 RESEARCH
QUESTION
1. What are
the roles of parents on the behavioural pattern of children?
2. What are
the major causes of single parenting?
3. What is
the difference in the acdemic performance of a child from complete parent and
the child with single parent?
4. What care
can the federal government of Nigeria give to the children with a single
parent?
5. Does
single parenting really have significant effect on the academic performance of
children?
1.4 RESEARCH
HYPOTHESIS
H0: There is
no mean differnce in gender responses of the respondents that single parenting
have significant effect on the behavioural pattern of children.
H1: There
is mean differnce in gender responses of
the respondents that single parenting have significant effect on the
behavioural pattern of children.
1.5 AIMS AND
OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
The aim of
the research work is to determine:
1. The roles
of parents on the behavioural pattern of children.
2. The major
causes of single parenting.
3. The
difference in the acdemic performance of a child from complete parent and the
child with single parent.
4. The
federal government of Nigeria give to the children with a single parent.
5. To
determine the effect of single parenting on the behavioural pattern of
children.
1.6
SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
The research
work is a very interesting one since it reveals the roles of parent on the
behaioural pattern of children, the study also explain the major causes of
single parenting. It shows the differnce in acdemic performance of children
with a single parent. Finally, the study will show the role of the federal government
of Nigeria in the reduction of the rate of single parenting in Nigeria.
1.7 SCOPE OF
STUDY
The research
work covers the effct of single parenting on the behavioural pattern of a
child, the study also covers the various causes of single parenting in Nigeria.
it made use of the responses from a population of about 200 respondents. The
method of chi-square and t-test will be used for the purpose of the analysis.
1.8
LIMITATION OF STUDY
FINANCIAL
CONSTRAINTS:
The
researcher was not with sufficient funds, so he or she could not reach out to
all the communities in Nigeria to find out more on the effect of single
parenting on the behavioural pattern of children but he or she was able to get the information required
for the completiion of the research work.
TIME
CONSTRINTS:
Due to
insufficient time for the research work to be competed, the researcher could
not visit more place and make other finding but was able to gather meaningful
information that will see the research work to completion, and he or she was
able to meet up with the time for the presentation of the research work.
1.9
ORGANISATION OF THE RESEARCH WORK
The research
work is divided into chapters, the chapter one, chapter two, chapter three,
chapter four and chapter five; the chapter one of the research work contain,
the introductory and the background aspect of the topic, the chapter two
consist of the conceptual framework, the theoretical framework and the
empirical review, the chapter three contain the derivation of the methodology,
chapter four contain the presentation of data and interpretation while chapter
five contain the summary, the conclusion and the recommendations.
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