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THE EFFECT
OF TWITTER SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF SECONDARY SCHOOL
STUDENTS
ABSTRACT
This study
explains the effect of Twitter social networking sites on the behaviour of
secondary school students in Essence International schools, Kaduna and the ways
it affect them. The study focuses on social Networking sites, but specifically
it focuses on Twitter social networking sites. Interview as methodology is use
to collect data and questionnaires as instrument of survey using random
sampling techniques. Twitter social networking site has great impact and effect
upon the behaviour of secondary schools students in both positive and negatives
angles. Communicating with others is a key aspect of using social networks, but
most social networking sites are open to all. Social networking sites are
attractive to adolescents in part because it is exclusive to them. These social
networking sites are a relatively new trend, having a population mostly made up
of college and high school students.
CHAPTER ONE:
INTRODUCTION
1.0
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
The internet
is a global system of interconnected computers that uses the standard internet
protocol suite (TCPT/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide (Wikipedia,
2011). Castells, (1996) it is a network of millions of private, public,
academic, business, and government computer networks linked by a broad array of
electronic and optical networking technologies.
Castells,
(2001) defines the internet as a worldwide interconnection of computers and
computer networks that facilitates the sharing of exchange of information among
users.
Wikipedia,
(2011) explains that the internet carries a vast range of information resources
and services to support traditional communication media including telephone,
cinema and redefined by the internet, giving birth to new services such as
voice over internet protocol (VOIP).
According to
the Wikipedia, (2011) newspapers, books and other print media are adapting to
website technology or are reshaped into blogging and web feeds. The internet
has enabled or accelerated new forms of human interactions through instant
messaging, internet for a , and social networking oppapers. Com/essays/2003.
According to
cheong and Morrison, (2008), the internet is allowing greater flexibility in
working hours and locations, especially with the speed connections, especially
with the speed connections and web applications. Also, the internet can now be
accessed almost anywhere by numerous means especially through mobile internet
devices, mobile phones, data cards, handheld game consoles and cellular routers
which allow users to connect to the internet from anywhere there is a network
supporting that device’s technology (Goldsborough, 2009).
Castells,
(2001), asserts that within the limitations imposed by small screens and other
limited facilities of such pocket-sized devices, services of the internet, including
email and web, may be available. Services offered and wireless data
transmission charges may be significantly higher than other access methods.
The internet
is fast becoming the dominant means of communications and commerce in the 21st
century, its play the main role in changing communication throughout the world
and also impacting on global economic system.
According to
McLuhan, (1964) globalization has forever changed the world in which we live to
a world that has become increasingly interconnected. McLuhan, [1964] also
asserts that the internet is perhaps the most prominent tool that has
facilitated the interconnectedness. Internet network has shortened the
communication distance by dimension of time and places together, giving birth
to form of social networks.
A study
(Goldsborough, 2008) indicates an increasing stage in social network usage.
This increase is considered as another important change of the world’s
information history. Students were mainly considered the first group users of
social networks, and most white- collar professionals now also use them (Kim,
2008).
The
Wikipedia (2011) narrates that the internet has enabled entirely new forms of
social interaction, activities, and communication, thanks to its basic features
such as wide spread us ability and access.
There are
many social networking sites, such as face book, twitter, MySpace, HI5, Nimbus,
2go, Blackberry chart (Bbchart), xanga, yahoo and Bebo has created new ways to
socialize and interact.
According to
Rehmeyer, (2007) However, the internet has achieved new relevance as a
political tool, leading to internet censorship by some states. This is however
rare, the presidential campaign of Howard dean in 2004 in the United States was
notable for its success in soliciting donation via the internet.(Rehmeyer,
2007)
Social
networking websites have expanded rapidly over the last few years and have
created new and varied channels of communication via internet, whether through
personal computer or mobile phones. Many people are now members of social
networking websites.
Cooke and
Buckley, (2008) predict that the internet would be the marketing tactics of the
future. Also, Cheong and Morrison, (2008) explain that with technology advances
and the growth of digital media usage advertisers are seeking new ways to reach
consumers. Advertisers spend over N304, 000,000,000,000 billion on social media
advertising (marketer, 2009). Predictions indicates that advertisers may be
spending almost #532,8064 12291382 trillion ($3.5b).
According to
Wikipedia, (2011) the social network site is a social structure made up of
individuals (or organizations) which are connected by one or more specific
types of interdependency, such as friendship, kinship, common interest
financial exchange or relationships of beliefs, knowledge or prestige.
However,
according to Simmels, (2001) people have used the idea of “social network”
loosely for over a century to connote complex sets of relationships between
members of social systems at all scales, from interpersonal to international.
The type of social network helps determine a network’s usefulness to its
individuals.
Twitter which
is the subject matter of this study is one of the fastest growing social
networks in terms of users in the world.
According to
shields and Maggie,(2011) Twitter is an online social networking service that
enables its users to send and read text- based posts of up to 140 characters
known as “tweets”. Twitter was created in 2006 by Jack Dorsey and launched in
July of that year (Twitter search team, 2011).
Also, the
Wikipedia (2011) narrates that twitter rapidly gained worldwide popularity,
with 200million users as 2011, generating over 200million tweets and handling
over 1.6billion search quarries per day. Twitter inc; the company that operates
the service and associated website, is based in san Francisco, California, with
additional servers and offices in san Antonio, Texas, Boston, and New York
(Twitter.com(2010).
According to
Twitter blog (2010) the tripping point for Twitter’s popularity was the 2007
south by south west festival in San Francisco, during the event, Twitter usage
increased from 20,000 tweets per day to 60,000.
According to
compete.com (2010) the company experienced rapid growth with 400,000 tweets
posted per quarter in 2007. This grew to 100 million tweet posted per quarter
in 2008. Johnson (2009) in February 2010, Twitter users were sending 50 million
tweets per day. By March 2010, the company recorded 750 tweets sent each
second.
However,
Johnson (2009) described the basic mechanics of twitter as “remarkably simple”.
He further added, as a social network, twitter revolves around its users.
A recent
study by Evan[2010] shows that thirteen percent[13%]of Americans on the web
used twitter, making it one of the most popular social networking service in
the united states.
In many ways
this social network site (twitter) continually provides social network for
people at all ages. Twitter as a social network plays a role in communication throughout
the world in the sense providing online services to share information with
others and connect with them by creating a profile that may include a personal
web page and a blog. It has been argued by Rosen (2010) that twitter affects
behavior by causing psychological disorder via addiction to the access of the
social network. Also twitter affects behavior because the network is open to
all.
This study
accordingly focuses on the effects of social network (twitter) on the behaviors
of secondary school students in essence international secondary school, Kaduna.
This study
is therefore interested in finding out how twitter as a social network is
changing behavior of secondary school students at Essence international
secondary school, Kaduna.
1.1 BRIEF
HISTORY OF ESSENCE INTERNATIONAL SECONDARY SCHOOL
Essence
international secondary school was founded in 1982; Essence began as a nursery
school and expanded over the years to include all grades up to the final year
of secondary school.
Essence
international school is located in quiet corner of Kashir Ibrahim Road, in
Kaduna, a beautiful and dynamic city in Northern Nigeria. The school is
four-tier institution offering quality education in an educationally
stimulating atmosphere for students in pre-nursery, nursery, primary and
secondary.
The most
recent dimension in Essence is the African heritage village which houses the
play. Village and the bi-lingual primary school where the student learn in
English and students learn in English and French. They also have an enhanced
curriculum with a focus on African history, geography, and culture.
Source:
www.Essenceschool.com
1.2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Twitter as a
social network is not widely used among many of the student’s in Essence
international secondary school, because the social site to them is not teen’s
friendly but is rather a matured social networking, but it is not like face
book. In fact, Twitter works quite differently from social networks: because
instead of indicating a mutual relationship, twitter focuses on only one – way
action, that means you want to receive information, in the form of tweets from
someone (twitter help center, 2011). The students added that Twitter is more
advanced in terms of language structure i.e. the complexity of the use of
diction is quite different in twitter in the sense that you cannot abbreviate
spellings anyhow as in the mobile phone text spelling; rather you spell out and
construct standard grammar.
1.3 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
Which is
your favorite social networking site on the internet?
Why do you
choose that social Networking site?
What do you
use that social networking site for?
In what ways
have the social networking site affected you?
Which groups
of students at Essence international use twitter social Networking site?
Why do these
groups of students use Twitter social Networking site?
Does using
Twitter affects students at Essence international secondary school?
In what ways
does using twitter social Networking site affects the students?
1.4 PURPOSE
OF THE STUDY
This study
has eight purposes as follows:-
To find out
the social Networking sites the students used.
To find out
the students reasons for the choice of the social Networking sites.
To find out
what the students use the social Networking sites for.
To find out
the ways by which the social Networking site affects the students.
To find out
the groups of students that uses Twitter as a social Networking site.
To find out
why the groups uses Twitter social Networking site
To find out
if using Twitter social Networking site affects the students.
To find out
the ways by which the usage of Twitter social Networking site affects the
students.
1.5
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study is
significant to the teachers, parents and students. First of all, this study
will help the teachers of the school to know the influence social networking
site has on their students, so as to assist them to enlighten and create
awareness to the students on the possible effect it has on them. Secondly, it
is of significant to parents in the sense that they will know the possible
effects these social networking sites usage has on their children, so as to
serve as watch-dog to their children on the usage of the social networking
site. Thirdly, it will enable the students of the senior level so that they
will be aware that, apart from the social benefits of this social networking
site, using the sites more than necessary will pose possible dangers to their
health.
1.6 SCOPE OF
THE STUDY
This study
is limited to affects of Twitter social networking site on behavior of essence
international secondary school Kaduna students; and of Twitter the students if
focuses on what the students use social networking site for the groups of
students that use Twitter social networking site; the ways the students that
use Twitter and for what purposes. The target population focuses specifically
the senior secondary school of the Essence international school, Kaduna.
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