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EFFECT OF
FAMILY BACKGROUND VARIABLES ON SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT
IN BIOLOGY
ABSTRACT
The
objective of this project was to investigate the effects of family background
variables on academic achievement of students in selected secondary schools in
Lagos State.
The
information given by and opinions of the participating students formed the premises
on which the results and conclusion were based. The investigation was conducted
with four hypotheses, which formed the nucleus around which information
gathered rotated.
There were
150 students selected randomly from three secondary schools in Lagos State. The
instruments used were a validated questionnaire and an Index of Family
Research. The responses formed the data used for the calculation and analysis
used to test the stated our hypothesis. Pearsons Product Moment Correlation was
the statistical method used for this study. The results of the statistical
analysis revealed that there exists a relationship between academic achievement
and family background variables such as parental level of education, family
background relations and also a relationship between socio economic status and
family relation.
All these
variables have effect on the academic achievement of students. The parents and
the school should be aware that factors in the home can either improve or
hinder the learning of their children and students respectively.
Parents were
advised to make the home environment conducive for their children.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1
Background to the Study.
The family
is important in many ways in the life of an ordinary child. A family refers to
the household or all those who live in a house such as parents and their
children. When a child is born, his first contact(s) with the world is family
(parents). He is first exposed to before any contact with the outside world.
The family
background of a child plays a distinctive role in a child’s growth and
development of a child depends solely on his/her physical inheritance and the
powerful influences emanating from the environment i.e. nature and nurture
(Osarenre, 1996).
The family
background and environment in which a child grows up determine what he inherits
from nature and what he gets from nurture. According to Plomim (1990), shatter
(1993), human attributes and personality are end products of the interaction
between heredity and environment.
There are
two factors that affect school performance of students these are these home
related factors and the school related factors. The home related factors
include parental education occupation, family size, parental attitude to
education and their expectation, parental involvement in child’s academic,
parenting style and so on. The home is a factor that makes a difference in
school environment (Banjo, 1961, Plowdem 1967, Bowler and Levim 1968,
Marijobanks, 1973, Parke, 1978, Taiwo, 1981).
The report
of Plowden (1967) revealed that ‘a students’ family background proves to be a
more significant predictor of his/her achievement than the input provided by
the school system. Bowler and Levim (1968) observed that the family background
characteristics of a set of students determine not only the advantages with
which they come to school but they are also associated closely with the amount
and quality of resources that are invested in the school. As a result of this,
they argued further that children from rich family background have two
distinctive advantages over the children from poor family background. First,
the combination of material advantages and strong educational interest provided
by their parents stimulate high achievement and education motivation and
second, their parents’ relatively high income and interest in their education
lead to stronger financial support for and greater participation in the school
that their children attend.
According to
Lam, Shui Fong (1997) there are several variables in students’ family
background that has direct influence on their academic performance among which
are the socio-economic status of students’ parents and family relationship i.e
parent-child relationship. Socio-economic status influences educational
achievement. Naturally, some students will perform better than others in the
class, but the degree to which family background factors contribute to this
natural phenomenon should be studied to reduce the effect of socio-economic
differences on the natural event.
The level of
parental education as a family background of home related factor is also a
contributing factor. According to Fafunwa (1963), the level of education of
those with whom a child lives influences his/her academic achievement. If there
is a considerable number of educated people in the home in which a child grows,
he will be able to discus his/her academic problems with them.
1.2
Statement Of The Problem
The problems
of mass failure and rampant cases of examination malpractices among youths at
the secondary level of education in Nigeria is a factor that has been working
against expansion of education at all levels of education in Nigeria. in the
bid to contribute to the explanation on students performance, the study sought
to examine the effect of family background variables in secondary school
students’ Academic performance in Biology.
1.3 Research
Questions
1. Do the
relationships that exist among the students and members of their family affect
the students’ academic performance in Biology?
2. Is there
a relationship between that parents’ educational level and the students
academic performance in Biology?
3. What is
the effect of parents socio-economic status as measured by their occupation,
residence and properties owned on the academic performance of the students in
Biology?
4. Does the
socio-economic status (SES) of the parents of the students has effect on the
quality of the support the parents provide for the students to enhance their
academic performance in Biology?
1.4 Purpose
of Study
This study
is an attempt to examine the effect of family background variables,
socio-economic status, and family relations an academic achievement of SS2
students in Biology in selected secondary schools in Onigbonbo Local Government
Area of Lagos State.
The study is
designed to find out:
1. The
relationship between parental socio-economic status and academic achievement of
respondents in Biology.
2. The
relationship between family relation and academic achievement of respondents in
Biology.
1.5
Definition of Terms
1.
Socio-economic status: This is defined as the educational qualification,
occupation and income of an individual or a family.
2. Family
Background variables: These are the differences in the socio-economic status of
the different families that make up a community or society.
3. Family
relation: This refers to the relationship that exist between parent and their
children.
4. Academic
achievement: This refers to the performance of students in school as shown by
their continuous assessment record.
1.6
Significance of the Study
The study is
significant in that:
1. The data
collected will provide information on the perceived relationship between family
background variables and academic achievement of secondary school students in Biology.
This study should help parents to create an appropriate learning environment at
home to enhance academic performance of their children.
2. This
study will also enable parents and teachers to appreciate the difficulties the
students encounter during learning process and how these can affect their
academic performances. This will in other words, help to foster interaction and
understanding between teachers and students, parents and students since both
parents and teachers have the knowledge and understanding of the effect of the
family background on academic achievement.
3. It will
help in improving the relationship between parents and their children
(students).
4. The
outcome of this study will be beneficial to teachers, educators and school
counselors in dealing with students’ problem.
5. The study
is also significant in that it will make good contribution to existing
literature on effects of family background on academic achievement.
1.7 Scope of
the Study
This study
is limited to three secondary schools in Onigbongbo Local Government Area of
Lagos State. The work studies the effect of parents’ socio-economic status on
the academic achievements of the students in Biology.
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