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PARENTAL
ACADEMIC BACKGROUND AND PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN
MATHEMATICS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
The purpose
of this study is to investigate in the parental academic background on primary
school pupil’s academic performance in mathematics (A case state of Ojo local
Government). In other to get a sound conclusion, some research hypothesis was
formulated. In gathering information, concerning the parental academic
background on primary school pupil’s academic performance in mathematics: one
hundred questionnaire was designed and administered to pupils in primary
school, Ojo local Government Educational District and the researcher will
collect it back immediately, the method that was use is sample random
procedure. However, solutions were given to authorities concerning the parents,
theirs parent’s appropriate measure in involving and providing educational
needs, ministry of education should give awareness on how parent can help their
children in mathematics and education.
1.1
Background of the study
A family
units is the first contact a child has in life, and the quality of such family
unit has a great impact on the growing child and it actually reflect on the
child’s personality and attitude letter in life. A family has been defined by
ties of marriage, blood, adoption constituting a single household interacting
and inter- communicating with each other in their respective social roles of
husbands and wife, father and mother, brother and sister, creating a common
culture. According to Collin dictionary (2003) parental background is one’s
social class, education or experience, event or circumstances that help to
explain something.
The average
Nigeria children are hardworking, intelligent and strive to succeed to have
some level of self-fulfillment in education. The aspiration to succeed is
biological in origin but its intensity and directions may greatly affected by
learning and parental background ‘he who has the youths has future’ says Kari
marx (1993) ad saying only goes to show the important role youths of any nation
play in developmental processes in such a nation. With the above, it therefore
becomes a thing of sorrow for one realizes the decadence and delinquency that
has permeated the youth of this nation.
Child
education is very much important and their educational performance depends on
their interaction with peer group, parent, teachers and environment. Some
parents are finding it increasing difficult to meet the basic requirement of
their children due to economic depression; many have no time for the upbringing
of their children.
Adekeye
(2002) observed that, it is mainly through their efforts and ability that
children are to become productive and effective n the area of mathematics,
parents posses the resources, skills and also apply them effectively in raising
their children.
The level of
educational attainment of parents could influence the academic performance of
their children, according to European Monitoring Union Report (2013) those
pupils whose parents have a high level of education/ academic background
performs on average significantly better in tests of sentence, reading and
mathematical abilities than those whose parents have only basic schooling.
In a family
where both parent are educated most especially knowledgeable in the area of
mathematics, their children always taken good of in their academicals
activities. They may go through their children’s, book after school, or even
employ a mathematics teacher to teach them, privately after school and by so
doing their academic performance will improve.
Where as in
the case of the illiterate family, the need to supervise their children’s books
is not there because they lack such. Atkinson and Feather (1996) argued that,
successful parents, tends to provide early training on mathematics which is
necessary in the development of their academic performance. They also set high
goals for their child and expecting the child to show competence in doing their
task well. Illiteracy of parent could have negative effect on the academic
performance of their children. Encouragement from home is one of thing children
whose parents are illiterate seem to lack.
This implies
that some illiterate refuse to provide their children with the needed
mathematics textbooks, it is a means of discouraging the child from learning
David (2007) stated that, text books especially in mathematics, aids studies
after normal; school teaching . they also lack assistance because of parents
illiteracy and ignorance, as such parents fails to motivate reinforce, give
awareness or punish their children on their poor academic performance which
might have affect them to be serious in learning mathematics.
On their
hand literate parents tends to have interest in the academic performance of
their children they struggle to provide needed materials and give adequate
encouragement. Having known the importance of education they draw a workable
time- table for their children which will involve much mathematical activities
and also arrange for a part- time teacher to teach and check their work books
from time to time so as improve the academic performance of the child. Apart
from the educational background of the parent, other variables still exits
which can positive or negative and as a result predict pupils mathematics
performance mathematics educators and researchers like Oluche (1993, Ale (1995)
Oshibodu (1996) and Akpan (1998) et al have over the year carried out
researches on the factors that is responsible for the poor performance in
mathematics at primary schools.
These
factors range from shortage of qualified mathematics teachers, poor facilities
equipment and instructional materials for effective teaching etc. if at all
considered teacher variable such as teacher self efficacy competence attitude
experience and qualification.
1.2
Statement of the problem
This study
sought to make finding on how the academic performance of parent affect tends
to have effect or impact on to primary school pupils academic performance in
mathematics. Comments from educators have shown that the blame from lack of
good performance has been as a result of neglect and carefree attitude towards
the academic work by pupils and parents how first school of a child is the home
where he/ she is taught the first basic norms and values by the parents before
the child leaves for the formal education. The home is where the child’s
foundation on mathematics is first build. The child should be given
encouragement and needed materials such as textbooks, Video tapes on
mathematics in order to aid the intelligence of that child.
1.3 Purpose
of the study
The main
purpose of this study is to examine the parental academic background and
primary school pupil’s academic performance in mathematics.
1. To
achieve the above objective, the following specific objectives became guides:
2. Determine
the extent to which parent level of education influences the academic
performance of their children.
3. Determine
the extent to which the occupation of parents also influences or affect the
child’s academic performance
1.4 Research
Questions
The
following questions were generated
1. Does the
economic status of parents have impact on the child’s academic performance?
2. Does the
parent’s level of education have any impact on the academic performance of
their children?
3. What is
the effect of parent’s occupation on the academic performance of their
children?
1.5 Research
Hypothesis
1. There is
no significant relationship between the economic status of the parents’ and
child academic performance.
2. There is
no significant relationship between parental level of education and child
academic performance.
3. There is
no significant relationship between the type of parent’s occupation and child’s
academic performance.
1.6
Significance of the study
This study
would be very significant because it would provide useful suggestions that will
enable parent, guardians, well to do individuals in the society or government
in providing the needed materials for pupils that ensure a great academic
performance in mathematics in primary schools.
1.7
Limitations of the study
This study
is focused and centered on pupils academic performance in relation to their
parent academic background specifically literature or illiterate. This study
was limited in assessment of some randomly selected primary schools pupils in
Ojo Local Government Area, Lagos state. The schools were:
1.8
Definition of operation terms
Parental:
connected with a parent r parents; parental responsibility/ right. Parental
choice in education.
Educational
Background: An act of giving people useful knowledge or details that helps you
to understand a situation.
Performance:
that is the standard of success that someone or something achievers.
Family: this
may be understood as a link between a husband and wife possibly with children
living together under the same roof.
Parental
background: this is a person’s family, level, experience, education, financial
ability, events or circumstances that help to explain something.
Divorce:
this is the lawful dissolution of marriage.
Academic
achievement: this is taken to be the level of performance or students in a
standardized examination that follows a course of instruction undergo by the
learner.
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