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INFLUENCE OF
MOTHER TONGUE ON THE ORAL ENGLISH OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
to the Study
Language is
the most distinctive human quality and attribute. Language is characterized by
a set of vocal sounds which can be decoded. Language does not exist in a
vacuum. It is always contextualized. There is a relationship between language
and society. The importance of the relationship between language and society
cannot be over-emphasized in the education of a child. Language is a guide to
social reality. English language is one of the languages used in Nigeria.
English
language has become a valuable legacy of the British which has provided
Nigerians with yet another means of expressing their culture. English language
is Nigeria’s official language (Adedimeji, 2007). English language performs
numerous functions in Nigeria. It serves as lingua franca. It is the language
of instruction, language of constitution, language of nationalism, media,
Government, education among others. This is because Nigeria is a multilingual
country and English language serves as a link among the people.
English
language is introduced to a child from the fourth year of primary school up to
the university level (Olajide, 2010). This is clearly stated in section 4
paragraph 19, subsection on primary education, 2004 of the Federal republic of
Nigeria’s national policy on education. ‘That English language shall be used as
a medium of instruction and the language of immediate environment from the
fourth year and French shall be taught as a subject’. This means that English
language shall be the language of instruction from the fourth year of the
primary education.
In Nigeria,
much importance is attached to English language. It occupies a vital role in
the educational system, such importance could be seen in terms of the functions
English language perform in Nigeria. It is an act of political expedience and
in addition, it helps to remove the fear of ethnical domination. The practical
oral aspect of English language becomes even more important for the purpose of
interaction and articulation in our day to day use of the language.
Furthermore,
the use of English language paved way for participation at national and
international levels. To be able to participate in the social, political and
economical life of the country, one must be able to understand and use English
language effectively and efficiently. English language is used for vertical
mobility (Adedimeji, 2007). It enables one to move from a lower social class to
higher one. It is the language of prestige not because the users are more
intelligent than the illiterates but because they can speak it. So it has
become a language of personality (Adedimeji, 2007). The role of English
language in Nigeria stresses the need for Nigerians to learn, understand and
make use of English language proficiently. There is no doubt that interference
is the major effect of mother tongue language on English language.
Interference
has been observed as a cogent influence that mother tongue language has on
English language. Sources of the interferences therefore could be phonology- (a
science which deals with the study of sounds in language) that is how different
sounds or phonemes are combined. Morphology (this deals with the combination of
morphemes to form words, morpheme is the smallest indivisible unit of a
language that has a significant meaning). Syntax (the arrangement of words in a
language according to rules). The concern of this project is on the phonological
aspect of English language (oral English).
Also, there
could be poor teaching of pronunciation by the teachers. Some of the teachers
use grammatical translation method especially in the elementary schools. They
often explain meanings of English words using the mother tongue language. The
pupils transfer the idea of having explanation of meanings being made in the
mother tongue language over to the secondary schools. It is therefore the
intention of this study to identify problems that affect the oral English of
students in the secondary schools as regards the influence of mother tongue
language on it. In addition, suggestions and recommendations would be made on
how to reduce the influence of mother tongue language on oral English.
Statement of
the Problem
There is no
doubt that secondary school students in Nigeria are being faced with the
problem of mother tongue language interference in studying English language.
The oral aspect of English language is the main focus of this research. The
influence of the mother tongue language on the pronunciation of English words
is one of the problems. The influence of the home background on the students’
pronunciation of English words is also a problem.
Hence,
series of works have been done concerning the problems of mother tongue
language interference on the oral English of secondary school students in
English language but it was observed that little or no emphasis has been made
on the influence of mother tongue language on the oral English of secondary
school students.
Consequently,
there has been a need to conduct a research work on the influence of mother
tongue language on the oral English of secondary school students.
Purpose of
the Study
The general
purpose of this study is to examine the influence of mother tongue language on
the oral English of secondary school students. Specifically, the purposes of
this study are to determine;
1. The
influence of home background on the students’ performances in oral English.
2. The
influence of non-availability of language equipment on students’ performances
in oral English.
3. The
influence of poor teaching on the students’ performances in oral English.
4. The
influence of the teacher’s qualification on the performances of students in
oral English.
Research
Questions
Based on the
purposes of this study, the following questions are raised to direct the study.
1. What are
the influences of home background on the students’ performances in oral
English?
2. What are
the influences of non-availability of language equipment on the students’
performances in pronunciation?
3. What are
the influences of poor teaching on the performance students in oral English?
4. What are
the influences of the teacher’s qualification on the performance of students in
oral English?
Scope of the
Study
This study
focuses on Ilorin South Local Government area of kwara state, Nigeria. The
target scope of this study is the secondary schools in Ilorin South Local
Government Area. The sample scope of this study is limited to four (4)
secondary schools in Ilorin South Local Government namely; Government Day
Secondary school, Tanke, Bishop Smith Memorial Secondary school, Union Baptist
Grammar school, Gaa-Akanbi and Chapel secondary school Tanke, Ilorin.
The sampling
technique to be used is the simple random sampling technique. The sample scope
is limited to the selected schools above. The sample scope will be limited to
one hundred (100) students; twenty-five (25) from each school and it is
restricted to only the senior secondary school two (SS 2). The questionnaire
will be used as the instrument scope of this study. Questionnaire on the
influence of mother tongue language on oral English will be asked to elicit
responses from the students. Simple percentage will be used as the statistical
scope of this study.
Operational
Definition of Terms
The terms of
the project work will be operationally defined by the researcher.
MOTHER
TONGUE: Mother tongue is a language of one’s parents or language of the child’s
immediate environment. It is a language acquired at birth and which meets all
of a child’s needs always. The mother tongue language in this study is Yoruba.
ORAL
ENGLISH:Oral English is the way in which English language is transmitted
through a conventional system sounds. Oral English is also called Spoken
English. The way sounds are being articulated to give a good and competent
pronunciation.
INFLUENCE:This
occurs when an individual allows the features of his/her mother tongue language
(Yoruba) to interfere within his/her competence in the target language
(English). The proper use of Yoruba dialect on English language.
Significance
of the Study
The findings
of this study would be of immense benefit to student-teachers, students,
teachers, stakeholders and Government. This would be facilitated by making the
study available in places where the public could gain access to it, for
example; the library, internet and print media houses.
The essence
of this study is to show the result of the co-existence of the mother tongue
language (Yoruba) and English language. The co-existence will allow students to
be exposed to the interference of the two languages, where the interference
occurs and how to minimize it. The study will help the teachers of English
language to know the measures to be taken in order to help students minimize
their mother tongue language interference on oral English.
Finally, the
suggested solutions in this study would be of great benefits to educational
curriculum planners. It would help the education curriculum planners to place
premium on the essential aspect of the study of English language which would be
of immense help in alleviating the problems of mother tongue language
interference in oral English.
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