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HOME
ENVIRONMENT AND ITS EFFECT ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL
STUDENTS
CHAPTER ONE
Background
of the Study
The academic
performance of any student cannot be separated from the home environment in
which the child lives, healthy home environment offers emotional security to a
child. Education has one of its basic task as to train young people to become
useful members of the society. This training begins at home in the informal
way. The home of the child is the first place he enters as he is born into the
world by his or her parents.
Children are
motivated to work on activities and learn new information and skills when their
environments are rich in interesting activities that arouse their curiosity and
offer moderate challenges. The same can be said about home environment ,
unfortunately there is much variability in motivational influences in homes,
some homes have many activities that stimulate children thinking as well as
computer, books, puzzles and parents who may be heavily interested in their
children cognitive development and spent time with them on learning. Much of
the variability in the relation between family income and children’s
intellectual development comes from the family provision of a stimulating home
environment (Young, Linver & Brooks, 2002). Children intellectual
development is most strongly influenced by the home environment during infancy
and early childhood. When they are under the direct influence of parents. As
children mature, schools and peers also begin to play a role in their
intellectual socialization. There is much evidence supporting the hypothesis
that the quality of a child’s early learning in the home environment relate
positively to the development of intelligent and reading skills, (Meece, 2002,
Sene Chai & Lefevre 2002), and parental involvement in schooling also
predict achievement (Luckner, Whaley & Egeland, 2004).
Various
homes factors have been shown to be important, mother’s responsiveness,
discipline style and involvement with the child, organization of the
environment, availability appropriate of learning materials, opportunities for
daily stimulation. Parents, who provide a warm, responsive and supporting
environment, encourage exploration, stimulate curiosity and provide play and
learning materials accelerate their children’s intellectual development (Meece,
2006). Which on the long run increases academic performance?
Within the
home environment we must examine both the roles of mothers and fathers because
differentiate parent behaviour has often been implicated as a variable
affecting children’s development. Some of the potential parental behaviour that
can influence children motivational beliefs are:
§
Attributions for the child’s school performance
§ Perception
of the task difficulty of school work
§ Value for
school work
§
Expectation and confidence in children’s abilities
The home
environment provide the foundation for learning and is an element of the
student life that can affect grades. Providing opportunities to learn outside
the school help facilitate student success in the school environment, as
reported by the university of Minnesota extension. According to experts the
mother’s educational level had the single most important impact on a young
child’s academic performance.
The school
cannot single handedly provide the continuation of the home environment, but
the can play estimate role in laying foundation of the child in learning how to
read and write however, this influence is characterized by various factors such
as the parents educational attainment and cultural issues. Over the years the
society recorded a persisted increase in the poor performance in the various
school examination such as the senior school exam (S.S.C.E) comments from
educator have shown that the blame for poor performance has been as a result of
neglect and care free attitude toward academic work by students and parents. It
is against this background that researcher has decided to investigate academic
performance on child. There are innumerable factors that affect the child
academic performance as stated above. It is obvious that a child academic
performance is directly related to his or her environment as well as learning
facilities and socio cultural issues. Every child is born with certain level of
intellectual ability and capability but a good conducive environment with
adequate learning facility will help boost intellectual and academic capability
of the child. Parent from good learned environment will; always have good
attitude toward education any provide learning materials such as the
television, instructive videos, books and toys (creative toys) etc that
facilitate the learning process if they are provided.
Educated
parents will always believe that it is important to help a child with his or
her home work and revise the school work that the child had done but this is
the opposite if a child is from a poor home environment to a large extent he or
she is deprived of the opportunities and he or she struggle with the teaching
and learning process.
Statement of
Problem
Good
education does not happen by chance. It is a product of effective teaching and
learning coupled with the effort of the teacher, the school, the students,
parents and their various home environments. Often at times the blames on the
poor performance of students in school are shifted to the teachers and the
school authorities.
Most
families in our society seem not to give adequate attention to the education of
their children. It appears some of the parents have erroneous notion about the
performance of their children, they do not know and seem to fulfill their role
of guidance and encouragement in the child’s performance in schools. Some
people also have the notion that the mass failure or success in schools could
be traced back to the teachers and the school authorities. While other people
see socio-economic status of the family as an influence to the child’s academic
performance.
However,
some research works have revealed that the performance of the students is a
joint effort of both the school authorities and that of the parents in
different home environment.
This calls
for further research to find out the causes of the poor performance of the
students and then proffer solution to that. In Edo state for instance, some
students and parents have the notion that the factors responsible for the
re-occurrence massive failure of student in junior and senior West African
School Certificate Examinations (WASCE) is the factor emanating from the school
authorities and the teachers alone. Some students even go to special Centre’s
while few enlightened parents maintained that there are some factors in
student’s home environment which also contribute to that. It is on this premise
that this study was set out to identify some of the home environmental factor
affecting the students’ academic performances and proffer solution to that.
Research
Questions
As regard to
the purpose of research the blowing research question provide the forms or the
study:
1. To what
extent does parental involvement influence the secondary school students
academic performance?
1.2. To what
extent does parent’s occupation affect the secondary school students academic
performance?
1. 3. Does
the type of family structure and family situations influence the secondary school
students’ academic performance?
1.4. To what
extent does parental educational status influences secondary school students
academic performance?
Purpose of
The Study
The purpose
of this study is to examine the HOME ENVIRONMENT AND ITS EFFECT ON ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS of Egor local government.
Significant
of the Study
This study
will help contribute to the existing knowledge already on ground concerning the
home environment and academic achievement in secondary school student of egor
local government area. The findings of the investigation will help the various
authorities as teachers, parents and caregivers in adopting method or technique
in child rearing as well as teaching so as to bridge the gap of variation in
academic Performance and how to organize students in such a way that they are
all carried along academically no mater his or her family condition.
Delimitation/Scope
of The Study
The study
was design specifically to investigate the relationship between school
environment ant and the academic achievement among secondary school students in
Egor local government area Edo state. It is restricted to only ten secondary
school within this community.
Definition
of Terms
Academic
Achievement: Refers to the level of schooling must successfully complete.
Another ability to attain success in studies. (four dictionary, 2013) for
example when you receive great grades, this is an example of academic
achievement, where you after college and graduate school, with a good result.
It should also be the extent to which a student teacher or institution has
achieves their educational goal.
Curriculum:
Curriculum is the total Aggregate of subject or construct, course of study
organized and planning by an institution like a school that is disseminated to
the students within a certain time phase in a usually formal setting
Family:
Collins students dictionary defines family as a social groups consisting of
parents and their children it may be broader than this in some cases and yet
may also be more limited to a single parent and a child/children.
Literacy:
traditionally literacy has been defined as the ability to read and write.
However in the past twenty years or so, this conventional definition of
literacy has been challenged and broadened to include a wide range of complex
and multiple dimensional processes and skills.
Family
literature: the term family literacy was coin by Taylor (2003) in her study of
the ways in which the parents impart assist the literacy of their children.
This concept of family literacy should be distinguished from family literacy
programs (e.g.Hannon and Bird, 2004;Was and Hermann,2004)
Family
Structure: the composition and membership of the family and the organization
and patterning of relationships among individual family members.
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