THE IMPACT OF PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTING ON ACCOUNTABILITY IN PUBLIC SECTOR (A CASE STUDY OF KADUNA POLYTECHNIC)
ATTENTION:
BEFORE YOU READ THE CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPIC BELOW,
PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL
PROJECT COSTS N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE
COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953,
08168759420
THE IMPACT OF PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTING ON ACCOUNTABILITY IN PUBLIC
SECTOR
(A CASE STUDY OF KADUNA POLYTECHNIC)
ABSTRACT
The impact of public sector accounting
on accountability in public sector, a case study of Kaduna Polytechnic Kaduna.
Accountability is the obligation on a person delegated with authority functions
on fund to explain his actions. The study of accountability in the public
sector is important since all government department and parastatal receive
allocation from the Ministry of Finance hence there is the need to protect the
interest of tax payers that makes available this funds. The major ways of
encouraging public accountability is to make offices in government department
to realize the significance of accountability. Through this study and other
related studies. The study is significant because it determines the
relationship between the various techniques of accountability in public sector.
therefore the importance of this study cannot be overemphasised. The aims of
this work is to acquaint public officers especially those given the
responsibility of designing accounting system in public sector and other related
organization as relates to public accountability. And to evaluate the level of
accountability in the public sector and other similar organizations, it was
however discovered that accounting system adopted by any public organization
determines it efficiency and productivity.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page - - - - - - - - - i
Declaration page - - - - - - - - ii
Approval page - - - - - - - - iii
Acknowledgement - - - - - - - - iv
Abstract - - - - - - - - - vi
Table of contents - - - - - - - vii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
- - - - - - - - 1
1.1 Background
of the study - - - - - 1
1.2 Statement
of the problem - - - - - - 2
1.3 Objectives
of the study - - - - - - - 5
1.4 Research
hypothesis - - - - - - 6
1.5 Significance
of the study - - - - - 6
1.6 Scope
of the study - - - - - - - 7
1.7 Historical
background of the case study - - - - 7
1.8 Definition
of terms - - - - - - - 10
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature
review - - - - - - - 11
2.1 Accountability
as a tool for progress - - - - 11
2.2 The
role of internal audit - - - - - - 15
2.3 The
role of internal control - - - - - - 17
2.4 Effect
of Accurate record Keeping as a technique
Of Accountability in the Public Sectors - - - - 22
2.5 Procedure in
Public Auditing - - - - - 27
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Research
methodology - - - - - 31
3.1 Introduction
- - - - - - - 31
3.2 Population
and sample size - - - - - -- 31
3.3 Sampling
technique - - - - - - 32
3.4 Sources
and method of data collection - - - - 32
3.5 Method
of data analysis - - - - - - 33
3.6 Justification
for the choice - - - - - - 34
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Data
presentation, analysis and interpretation - - 36
4.1 Introduction
- - - - - - - 36
4.2 Presentation
of Data - - - - - - 36
4.3 Testing
of hypothesis - - - - - - 35
4.4 Summary
of finding - - - - - - 47
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Summary,
conclusion and recommendations - - - 50
5.1 Summary
- - - - - - - - - 50
5.2 Conclusion
- - - - - - - - 51
5.3 Limitations
of study - - - - - - - 52
5.4 Recommendation - - - - - - 53
Reference
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
For
the purpose of fiscal accountability, there is first of all the auditor general
whose position, powers, security of tenure; impartiality and independence are
guaranteed by the constitution. It is his duty, through to regular auditing of
accounts, to ensure that government department/parastatal and other public
establishments spend funds appropriated for them in a proper manner, for the
purpose for which the funds were appropriated and in accordance with government
rules and regulations. He can surcharge offenders, refers cases of fraud and
misappropriation to the policy and by yearly reports, left the legislature know
how the funds that it had previously were appropriated and used.
Nigeria
for the federal and state governments, are bodies known as the public accounts
committees of which the auditor general duty is to scrutinize the accounts and
establishment to question or examine those responsible and report to the
legislature which appointed them. There is the legislature itself which are the
sole sources of money supply for public, must scrutinize all elements of funds
to carryout public service.
The
budget sessions afford every sector effective:
1. Are
the internal control measure adequate to ensure public accountability
2. What
are impact of public accountability in Kaduna polytechnic
3. What
problems likely to be encountered as regards to effectiveness and economy
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
More
often than not, public state and reactions addressed to how government
resources are managed accounted for in the public sector organization have left
much to be desired such statements and reactions have unfolded many
impressions. Bill before examining these impressions let us look at what Dr.
Bamye Akipa of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria put together as public statement
in the New Nigeria of Tuesday 25th June 1991.
Occasionally
one runs into statements either in the mass media or conversation in respect of
public resources such as follows:
i.
For all the taxes we are
forced to what value we are getting for the money
ii.
Government should not have
approved the location of that project there, it is nothing but a white elephant
project
iii.
That contract price was
unduly inflated
iv.
How could that equipment
cost that much
v.
It is government property
and therefore feels free to use it anyhow you can
vi.
Why are you bothered about
this work, don’t you know it is government work?
This
researcher was privileged to have personal experience of the situations at
Kaduna polytechnic and think the situation there like a typical public
organization would attract the same verdict as had been collated together by
Dr. B. Akpa.
The
major emphasis of the reformed civil service of 1988 was an attainment of
efficient and expedition administration, reduction in expenditure and
improvement of economy to the fullest extent consistent with efficiency in the
implementation of policies and programmes to the fullest extent practicable.
The emphasis on economy efficiency and effectiveness in executing government
programmes has constrained every government organization to set into motion
internal system to enhance the desired result. This in effect brought to bear
on the internal audit units of Kaduna polytechnic the responsibility of proper
internal auditing which will in turn advance effective internal control system
to conform to the new government policy. All these developments call for
dynamic processes of investigation and verification of activities to enable
management monitor control and measure the rate of its performance output,
bearing in mind the cost in terms of resources inputs.
The
act of investigation, verification and reporting are all audit functions. The
problem now is to determine which audit approach will be most effective in
assisting management to have a better grip of internal control and
accountability so as to effect the desired economy. Efficiency and
effectiveness for result oriented performance.
Experience
has shown that hitherto financial audit carried out in Kaduna Polytechnic,
emphasis less on economy efficiency and concern has often been to accuracy and
conformity with regulations. This is another approach will ensure the measure
of economy, efficiency and effectiveness audit (the three Es audit is advocated
here.)
The
problem of this research now therefore, remains to establish if the new audit
approach being advocated will enhance better internal control and accountability
than the hitherto financial audit. The main problem is therefore stated thus:
Is
economy, efficiency and effectiveness audit a better effective management tool
for internal control accountability financial audit?
The
problem is further broken down into small specific problem as follows:
a)
Can the three ES audit
enhance the desired system of internal control better than financial audit
b)
Can the three Es audit
enhance effective accountability than financial audits?
c)
Can the three Es audit
enhance more comprehensive stewardship reporting than financial audit?
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
1.
The aims and the purpose of
this work includes; the responsibility of designing accounting system in public
parastatals and other related organizations with the need of marking right
design and having the right calibre of officers to implement the system in
order to achieve the desired results.
2.
To evaluate the accounting
system of the ministry of finance in Kaduna State in relation to its scope of
activities
3.
To evaluate the level of
accountability in the public parastal and other similar organization
1.4 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
Ho: That
public sector accounting does not leads to accountability in Public sector.
Hi: That
public sector accounting does leads to accountability in Public sector.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The
significance of this research work cannot be over emphasized the reason is that
it is a pre-requisite for the researcher to acquired the award of National
Diploma in Accountancy.
The
study is significance to public enterprises management as it will enable them to
know the importance of public accounting towards ensuring accountability in
public organization.
The
significance of the study does not only limited to public sector, the private
organization can make use of this research work and apply the recommendations
made by the researcher to ensures proper accountability.
Lastly,
the work will serve as a source or reference for future researcher that may be
willing to undertaken research on the subject matter.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The
scope of the study is to critically analyze the
impact of public sector of accounting
on accountability in public sector. The research is carryout to covered Kaduna
polytechnic as the case study. Also to highlight the role of internal audit,
the role of internal control and the effect of accurate record keeping as
techniques of accountability in the public sector.
1.7 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE CASE STUDY
It
is worthwhile to state briefly and objectives of Kaduna Polytechnic. Kaduna
Polytechnic was established in 1956 as Kaduna Technical Institute. The first
significance report on the proposed establishment of a polytechnic to be built
in the then northern Nigeria was prepared by Dr. H. W French and Mr. G. H
Wiggles north of the British Ministry of Education (which later known as the
department of education and science) in June 1962. The terms of reference for
the survey were to formulate and present advice to the Nigeria Authorises on
the planning of a polytechnic college in Kaduna in the northern region of
Nigeria. These terms were later amplified to include advice on the selection of
the site, schedule of accommodation and the grouping of rooms with regard to
education, architectural and cost consideration. The site work for the building
of the institutions started in March 1966.
As
a result of the break of the north into six (6) states and the subsequent
insistence on roughly equal students representation in the proposed college
caused a much lower progress of the building that predicted.
In
April 1968, the federal military government in its decree No. 20 of 1968
formally established the Kaduna polytechnic. The official opening ceremony was
held 21st November 1968. The opening was done by British high
Commissioner from Lagos, Sir. David Hunt, KCMO’s OBE at a large gathering of
limited guest including two northern state governors. The buildings and
equipment were all gifts from the government of United Kingdom. The first
principal of the institute as Mr. F. J. Hawley and Colonel W. Martin was its
first secretary.
The
polytechnic was in the central of the northern states of Nigeria before it was
taken over the federal government on 27th August 1991 by Decree 40
of 1991.
Objectives
The
objectives of the institution have been to provide:
a)
Diverse instruction,
training and research in technology, science in technology, science commerce
and humanities.
b)
Course of in-service
instrument for members of the public service in Nigeria in general and the
northern states in particular
Kaduna
polytechnic computer of four (4) viz
i.
College of engineering
ii.
College of science and
technology
iii.
College of environmental
studies
iv.
College of administrative
and business studies
It
now has twenty-eight academic department offering over 120 programmes and the
post HND, postgraduates diploma at the B.E.d (technology) Higher Diploma and
certificate level. It has student population of about 19,000 and staff strength
of 3,580 as at April 2001 ending.
The
central administration of the polytechnic has various sections viz,
establishment. Academic affairs, rectory, works bursary, student affairs and
medical center.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
In
the course of this research, the following shall be used from time to time and
their meaning are as follows:
i.
Balance
Sheet: This is a statement of financial position
of business organization at a particular moment time showing its assets and
liabilities
ii.
Cash
Book: This is a book in which we record all
business transaction made on cash. This book shows the details of cash made.
iii.
Voucher
Register: This is a register which is maintained by
the accounting officer, which shows the departmental voucher number giving to
payment voucher
iv.
Capital
expenditure vote book: This is a vote book which
shows the analysis details of capital expenditure made on a particular project
v.
Notes
on the accounts: These are notes preceding the account
showing the details of how the various item totals were arrived at. This gives
the users of the account an idea of how the various figures were arrived at.
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you
will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account
below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are
good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter
one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we
have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank
Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own
security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment,
because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website
WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your
project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to
develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/
ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held
responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy
word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
AFFILIATE LINKS:
myeasyproject.com.ng
easyprojectmaterials.com
easyprojectmaterials.net.ng
easyprojectsmaterials.net.ng
easyprojectsmaterial.net.ng
easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
projectmaterials.com.ng
googleprojectsng.blogspot.com
myprojectsng.blogspot.com.ng
https://projectmaterialsng.blogspot.com.ng/
Comments
Post a Comment