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AN ASSESSMENT OF LOAN MANAGEMENT IN BANKING SECTOR (CASE STUDY OF UNION
BANK OF NIGERIA PLC)
ABSTRACT
This
project work An Assessment of Loans management in banking sectors a study of
Union Bank of Nigeria Plc. Kaduna Branch. The study has been done in an attempt
to explore the extent the Union bank Kaduan Branch has been controlling its
credit system to the Central Bank of Nigeria
Banks have
generally been credited with and enviable image of being an important sources
for capital development. This recognition is derived largely from assumed roles
of most banking Institution in mobilizing various depot and channeling their
towards profitable investment outlets to the extent that the size, type and
level of such investments along with other complementary factors contribute to
the improvements of National economy.
Some of the
highlights in his project statement of the background of Union Bank Plc,
statement of the general problems, objectives of the study, hypothesis,
limitation and delimitations, significance, organization and definition of
term.
The study
includes a review of related literature on how commercial banks determine their
lending powers, the CBN credit control and monetary policy over the banks. In
addition the study includes types of securities and analysis of sectoral
distribution of loans and advances.
The chapter
three of the study terms loans and advances. However, it is hope that that the
banks will pay more attention in granting loans to the productive sectors of
the economy so as to make industrialization policy of the country a reality.
The
researcher also has given useful recommendation that will aid and assist the
development of banking system and the economy in general.
TABLE OF
CONTENT
Title page
Chapter one
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background
of the study
1.2 Statement
of the problems
1.3 Objectives
of the study
1.4 Research
question
1.5 Significance
of the study
1.6 Scope of
the study
1.7 Histroical
background of the case study
1.8 defintioin
of terms
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Lierature review
2.1 Hisotrical
background
2.2 commerical
banks services
2.3 commerical
banks and Nigerian government
2.4 classes
of client/customers of Commercial banks
2.5 lending
service in commercial banks
2.6 origin
of bank lending
2.7 crdit
guidelines
2.8 determination
of bank lending
2.9 lona
policies or lending policies
2.10 appraising
loan opporutnties
2.11 basic
principels of bank lending
2.12 problems
of effective lending services
2.13 prospect
of bank lending
2.14 the
Central Bank involvement lending
2.15 Reason
for granting loan
2.16 Advantages
of loan and overdraft
Chapter three
3.0 Research methodology
3.1 Introduction
3.2 method
of data collection
3.3 Population
and sample size
3.4 Sampling
technique
3.5 methods
of data analysis
3.6 Justificaiton
for the choice
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Data presentation analysis and interpretation
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Data
analysis and interpretation
4.3 Summary
of findings
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Summary, conclusion and recommendation
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Limitation
of the study
5.4 Recommendations
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Generally in Nigeria
At moment, Nigeria
Banks could help Nigeria
This could be done by diversifying the source of
income from the present mono (based solely on petroleum revenue) to that of
(diversified one)
The banks role in attaining the above objective
ultimately, specially and efficiently is very crucial.
Having experienced the strain, intricale and
procedures of obtaining banks loanable fund that researcher mind was directed
to the questions as to what participates such stumbling blocks in our banking
system. It is the blame on the banks, the customer and the government for not
appreciating the place of credit in our society for instance, the banks by the
nature of their business exercise a high degree of economic power. To them
belong to the naira power which is the lubricate/accelerator of our economy.
They have the prerogative in the choice of assets (businesses) they place their
disposable portion of funds deposited with them by customers. Tough they know
and have experienced the positive results of attempt in the effective provision
and use of credit, the banks have been rather very skeptical in exercise this
their power not withstanding the central
bank of Nigeria issues annual directives to licensed banks allocating
prescribing quantitative ceiling as well as sectorial allocation of their loans
and advances to the economy through the monetary policy circulars conveying the
central banks, credit guidelines.
However, it has come to be realized that these are
certain problems associated with he present lending schemes which must be
highlighted and solved by the customers, the banks and government in providing loanable fund so that more benefit would be
taped from this usage.
Hence, the motives behind the caring out of this
research study.
1.2 STATEMENT
OF PROBLEMS
There is hardly any approach to obtaining bank
loans/credits that is devoid of problems. This project thus sets out to
identify the lending problem of bank and customer in Kaduna
-
high rate
of interest/charge
-
banks lend
on short term basis cannot accommodate medium and long term borrowers.
-
High rate
of defaut
-
Difficulty
in banks policy/central bank policies
-
Lack of
security to back-up the lending
-
Customers
request are not well packaged.
1.3 OBJECTIVES
OF THIS STUDY
Specifically, there are some factors outside
management control such as the Central Bank credit guideline (rule and
regulation), policies and the value of managers implementating bank policies,
which influence in one way or the other on the lending decisions and outcomes
for the bank. The aim and objectives of this research include:
i.
how can we
reduce the high rate of interest charge bank.
ii.
How can
customer be educated on how to package their request correctly.
iii.
How
possible it is to evaluate the lending difficult policy of both bank/central
bank
1.4 RESEARCH
QUESTION
Ho: To what extent will judicious utilization of
loan lead to effective management control.
Hi: To what extent will judicious utilization of
loan not lead to effective management control
Ho: Will
assessment of loan management and accountability
serve as an aid to increase the capability of Nigeria
Hi: Assessment of loan management and
accountability will not serve as an aid to increase the capability of Nigeria
Banks?
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE
OF STUDY
After identification of certain problems, on this
research work recommendation will be made for solution, considering their
specific cause and nature. Such recommendation and findings hopefully will be
useful to management of banks in the countries who have similar problems to the
banks studies.
It is also hoped that such recommendations will be
of use to potential borrowers from the bank, banking and accountancy student in
the higher school of learning, and to the numerous private management consultancy
firms throughout Nigeria
1.6 SCOPE
OF THE STUDY
The scope of the study is on commercial banks in Nigeria
1.7 HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND OF THE CASE STUDY
Union Bank of Nigeria Plc was established in 1917
as a colonial bank will its first branch in Lagos Nigeria London Nigeria
enterprises promotion act, Barclays bank International disposed its
shareholding to Nigeria
In line with the Central Bank of Nigerian banking
sector consolidation policy, Union Bank of Nigeria Plc. Acquired the former
universal trust bank Plc. And broad bank ltd. And absorbed it erstwhile
subsidiaries Union Merchant bank ltd. The bank also increased its shareholders funds
through a public offer/rights issue in the last quarter of 2005. with these
development Union Bank remains one of the most capitalized developments Union
Bank in Nigeria
a.
Union homes
saving and loans plc
b.
Union
trustees limited
c.
Union
assurance company limited
d.
Union bank
UK Plc
e.
Banquet
Intenational Benin , cotonou
f.
UTL
communications services limited
g.
UBN
property company limited
h.
Union
capital markets limited
i.
Union
registration limited
ASSOCIATED
COMPANIES
a.
consolidated
discount Ltd
b.
HFc banks Ghana
c.
Unique
venture capital management co Ltd
Union bank group operates in Interlocking
organizational structure whereby some board members of Union of Nigeria Plc act
as external director in the subsidiaries and over sight and participation in
the decision making process of these companies, thereby safeguarding the banks
investments.
Today, Bank in a leading regional bank in
sub-sahara Africa in terms of its diverse
investments across the globe. A glance at the bank’s financial summary reveals
its solidity. As at 31st march 2007, the banks gross earnings was
N88.095 billion, profit before tax was N17,393 billion, total asset, was 699.24
billion shareholders fund was N102,245 billion.
The bank’s management is headed by Dr. B. B. Ebong
as the group managing director/chief executive others are:
Ado Abdullahi executive director (operation,
up-country south).
Dr. K. S. Adeyemi executive Director (information
technology/services).
S.I. Ayniuem executive director (Risk management
and control)
E.U. Emeruem executive Director (Lagos
A. E. Esangbedo executive directors (operations up
country north)
WCO Mbeh executive director (Corporate resources)
A. I.N Obigwe Executive Director Co-operate and
International Banking.
1.8 DEFINTION OF TERMS
The author considers it necessary to define the
following terms as applied within the context of this project.
Asset
portfolio: Arrangement of bank
assets on order of its
liquidity
and profitability.
Advances: These
are monies lent by a bank generally in
the form of an overdraft on a current account and
also by means of a loan or personal loan.
Affidavit
form: This is a written statement used as a legal
proof.
Bank
credit: Credit created by a bank increasing the size
of
the account of a depositor e.g. when making an
advance.
Branch
banking: the typical commercial
bank in most
countries is a very large institution with a large
number of branches.
C.O.T: Commission
on turn over or cost of
transaction, this is normally charged on the total
of debt turn over of current account.
C.O.F.O: Certificate
of occupancy
Cash
ratio: This is the ratio of cash to demand deposit
usually
calculated on percentage.
Clean
lending: Loan and advance
granted without any
security.
Collateral
security: properties perhaps in
the firming deeds to
a house or stock and shares deposited with a creditors
to guarantee that a loan will be repaid.
Demand
deposit: this is the total
amount of money deposited
with the
bank.
Deed
of release: this is the document
usually signed by
customers when any property held by bank is
returned.
Equitable
mortgage: Property pledged to
the bank as security
without
legal backing.
Guarantor: One who
makes or gives a guarantee or
security
for loan.
Liquidity
preference: this refers to the
degree at which
invaluable prefer that funds to be near cash. They
many prefer to hold saving in a completely liquid form that is as cash.
Lieu
Distain: this is a document issued by the bank to an
insurance company declaring their interest in a
customer share.
Loan: It
is the lending of money borrower one of the
credit services rendered to account holder by
banks.
Monetary
policy: this refers to the
use of certain monetary
controls by
the government.
Moratonum
period: A period when loan yield no return
Overdraft: This involves letting the customers to draw
money in excess of the draw money excess of the
balance in the customers account.
Pledged
property: this is delivery of goods or document, of
little goods by the customers to the Bank as
security.
Standing
order: An authority given by
a customer to his
banker to transfer, e.g. a fixed amount from his
current account to his loan account.
Secured
loan: Loan
granted with proper security.
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