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THE PROBLEMS AND EFFECT OF OLD AGE IN UDI LOCAL
GOVERNMENT AREA, ENUGU STATE
ABSTRACT
The study
was designed to identify the problems and effects of old age in Udi Local
Government Area of Enugu State. The
research questions guided the study. A total of six hundred and fifty aged male
and female alike were used for the study. Questionnaire was used for data
collection. The data collected were analysed using mean and standard deviation.
Findings, therefore, revealed that many afflictions/diseases face the aged.
Based on the findings, recommendations were made.
To carryout
the work, the researchers used oral interviews and questionnaire copies of the
questionnaire was made, based on means, end standard deviation.
Investigations
reveal that causes of problems of the elderly people range from remote to
immediate. The remote causes include poor family living arrangement such as
establishment of polygamous families, giving birth to so many children and not
being able to give them appropriate up bringing at the time convenient to the
parents. However it was also discovered that there are some cause which are
directly under the control of nature. Such are causes of childlessness death of
a spouse or children and family disputes of different natures. Beside the above
mentioned causes, other discoveries were made which revealed that the immediate
causes include loneliness, poor health condition and lack of medical treatment,
poor finance, inadequate housing accommodation and a lot of others.
It is hoped
that having identified these problems of the old people, our present day youths
will improve on the past, and in the future there will be less of these aspect
of problems in our society.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
of the Study
Obviously,
to live long is a grace from God Almighty of course, the desire and motive of
most people in Enugu State with particular reference to Udi Local Government
Area and even all over the nation is to be strong and healthy. However, old
people have a stage in life to drop nasty attitudes endowed from the youthful
age.
In Igbo culture, it is believed that
anybody who has grey hairs on the head ulters nothing untrue. This means that
those with grey hairs on the head have encountered problems of nature and what
ever they ulter must be used to judge them accordingly by the ancestors.
In Nigeria
as a whole, this belief is made manifest by the legal practitioners, like the
lawyers, Judges and magistrates who put on a grey-haired wigs” in demonstration
of their honesty and justice.
The implies that legal practitioners
are honest in discharge of their duties and equally play justice according to
the evidence of cases displayed in the court of law.
However, there are some individuals
who do not like the idea of becoming old because of problems associated with
old age. It is common observation that when one start growing old, there is a
decline in most of the body functioning’s like
conducting velocity of nerve fibers, visual recognition, reaction to
light and sound to mention a few.
Rowan
(1997), maintained that, “one of the most depressing facts which comes out of
any examination of the psychological effects of ageing is that, it is all
downward path’.
A regarded as old age. There are no
consistent definitions of old age, even among the western societies.
Epidemologists
(1985), described old age in terms of current condition of morbidity and
mortality, indicating that as days pass by in the life of any individual, there is process of diminishing in good health brought
to an end with death. Chambers
Encyclopaedia (1997), explains growing old as the progress which being
different tissues, organ systems and body fluids marches in response to
different causes at different rates in different individuals. It goes further to explain it as a period of
life when degeneration occur in a person, that
means that the person grows from his state of physical
goodness to a lower state, which is normal in life.
Following the views of different
writers, there is no agreed specific age when one can be regarded as being of
old age.
Encyclopacdia
Britannica (1991) assigns the ages between four ties and sixty five years as
the acceptable year of old age.
Also, for the same purposes, the
people and the government of Enugu State however accepts the age of sixty five
as the commensing year of old age. From this age, the civil servants are
compulsorily retired and then granted their retirement benefits and pension
respectively.
Based on the topic of the study, home
management can be defined as the proper management of home domestically by taking an appropriate care of
providing and disclosing the desirable needs of the family in collaboration
with the wife and as well as the
children respectively. This could be regarded as the attitudinal management,
behavioural management, self control and as such the general management of
home. This entails that any home with out good management, the home is bound to
scatter. There will be no peace and harmony in such a home, and all these
mentioned above encourage separation and divorce of marriage or marital
engagement.
Statement of
the Problem
Old age being seen as the declining
phase of the life span in various means and or forms comes with so many life
challenges. This ageing period/later years constitute a time of high risk of
difficulties in one’s life. Preparing to be old is a task which most people are
overtaken by events and they do not save or invest enough for their future
living at old age the raining day. This epoch, Cullen (2000) stated that so
many problems are associated with old age which affect the physical wellbeing
of a larger population of individuals both male and female counterpart. Hnrlock
(1987) highlighted the diseases of the aged and their physical handicaps as the
following; circulatory disturbances, metabolic disorder of the joints, heart
diseases, recheumatism, arthritis, visual and so on. Coupled with physical and
psychological problems of the aged mentioned above are also the following
problems which are common in the area where the researchers carried out their
study such as problem of loneliness, problems of housing accommodation,
problems caused at the youthful state. In the light of these problems, this
study is designed to determine the factors as problems and effects of old age
in home management in Udi Local Government Area of Enugu State.
Purpose of
the Study
The main and most crucial purpose of
this study is to investigate the extent to which the problems of aged people
with particular reference to Udi Local Government Area could be solved. This is
because the old people are of much value to the society, for they are seen as
the custodians of tradition and culture in any society. They are instrumental
in maintaining per feet peace and order, by setting minor disputes outside the
law court the study however seeks.
1. To identify the causes of aged people’s
problems and offering suggestions
on how they will be solved.
2. To make investigation and good aspects of
becoming old, so as to erase in
the minds at people the idea of repressing getting old.
3. To ascertain ways of bringing to the
knowledge of the public a
standard living pattern that can make the days of aged people most healthy and psychological
depressions that can accompany
old age.
4. To faster stronger human relationship
with the aged people and other
members of the community so as to make life more enjoyable to them.
5. To find out other factors hinder the
sustainability of old people
in the area of the case study.
Significance
of the Study
This study will be valuable to the
aged people in Udi Local Government Area in particular and Enugu State in
general. The study will create a good background of understanding for people to
exhibit some attitude of tolerance, endurance and sympathy. In the face of the
problems of the aged. The younger generation in our society, the people who
have not established their own homes and yet to do so, will benefit by taking
cognizance of the shortcomings of their ancestors in order to refrain from
them. It will help to take care of the aged people not be allowed to vanish for
they are the custodians of our tradition and culture. Their basic needs should
be adequately provided for them in order to expand their life spans.
Research
Questions
The researchers formulated certain
questions which we hope that if answered will proffer solutions to the
problems. They are as follows;
(1) To what extent does polygamous family
affect the lives of aged people in your council area?
(2) Do some children depend on the income of
their aged parents.
(3) Are their factors that frequently
affect the life span of aged people in your council area?
(4) Does the earning (if any) of the aged
people satisfy the maintenance and management of their homes.
(5) Does good relationship between the new
generation and semi-old people promote the standard of their living?
Limitation
of the Study
The time to carry out this study was
so short and therefore the researches were restricted to carry out the study in
one local government area. The cost of materials as a result of the current
inflation in the country also limited our work within this scope.
Scope of the
Study
It does not really covers all aspect
of people’s home management in the council area. It covers only the problems
and effect of old people in home management in Udi Local Government Councils of
Enugu State. And equally, it covers the appropriate care to be taken by people
around the aged people, especially those that might have extended to the age
beyond reasoning.
Definition
of Terms/Acronyms
A belief definition of the term used
in this chapter is given to avoid ambiguity.
Degeneration
This refers to passing from one state
of goodness to a lower state by loosing the qualities which are considered
desirable.
Involution
Involution
means, the normal shrinkage of an organ after fulfilling it’s normal functional
purposes.
Mortality
Mortality is the ratio of the total
number of deaths to the total population.
Diminishing
Diminishing refers to as ways of
making thing becomes less or small.
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