AUDIT AS AN AID TO ACCOUNTABILITY (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE MINISTRY OF FINANCE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT)
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AUDIT AS AN AID TO ACCOUNTABILITY (A
CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE MINISTRY OF FINANCE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT)
ABSTRACT
The research
study is concentrated an audit as an aids to accountability in public service.
The project research commences with an introduction and over view of the
history of audit in Nigeria. Sequel to this effect, data were collected from
primary and secondary sources, primary sources involves the design and
distribution of questionnaires to 106 respondents of the ministry of finance
and economic departments and Enugu State Audit. The secondary source
extensively reviewed the opinion of some scholars who had earlier drawn written
conclusions that are related to the project topic. Data collected were analysed
and tested using percentage and formulated hypotheses.
The main findings were based on the
analysis and subsequent test, which showed that auditing is a strong tool for
accountability in the public service. Poor and irregular payment of staff
salaries and remuneration has caused diversion of public fund to private purposes.
Moreover, management skill has not improved operational standard in the state
service.
Based on the findings, the researcher
made possible recommendations to correct the negative conception of an audit
and to appraise audit standard in the state public service.
This project research is therefore,
beneficial to both the students, lecturers, politician, public and private
sectors.
Happy reading.
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
Title page
Approval
page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of
contents
List of
tables
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Statement of problem
1.2 Purpose of the study
1.3 Scope and delimitation of the study
1.4 Hypotheses formulation
1.5 Significance of study
1.6 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF
RELATED LITERATURES
2.1 Auditing and Accountability defined
2.2 Historical origin and development of
auditing
2.3 The meaning of public and civil service
2.4 Short note on public accountability
2.5 Government accounting procedures
2.6 The need of internal audit department in
public service
2.7 Statutory positions, powers and functions
of an auditing general of the state.
2.8 Audit report
CHAPTER
THREE
RESEARCH
DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research design
3.2 Area of the study
3.3 Population of the study
3.4 Sample and sampling procedure
3.5 Instrument for data collection
3.6 Validity of the instrument
3.7 Reliability of the instrument
3.8 Method of administration of the instrument
3.9 Method of data analysis.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Data analysis
4.2 Test of hypotheses
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY OF
FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary of findings
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendation
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX: QUESTIONNAIRE.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The question on how to increase
efficiency and positive result in audit work in public sector is a perennial
problem in Nigeria, and one that is increasing warning the generality of the
people of this country. The response has been to upgrade the quality of audit
staff ad powers conferred on audit institutions in the public sector. There is
also the for training of audit staff in modern techniques of auditing to
enhance effectiveness and result oriented rather than restricting them to the
traditional methods of trick and turnover which is inadequate and outdated.
Public sector auditing is conferred
towards ensuring the proper and efficient use of public funds, development of
sound financial management, the orderly executive administrative activities and
the communication of information to the public through the publication of
objective reports. These are necessary for the stability and development of the
nation. There is a need to map out the machineries and method of carrying out a
research functions effectively as to achieve a desired result.
In the past, the emphasis of an audit
was on the traditional approach which ha been mainly the compliance audit to
ensure that all books and records comply with the laid down procedures and
regulation. But in the modern time, there is the need for a shift of emphasis
to modern concept of effectiveness and efficiency.
Based on these individual views of
auditing and its functions, the researcher took a keen inherent to rest empirically
auditing as an aid to accountability with a particular reference to Enugu State
Ministry of Finance and economic development.
The increase incidence of fraud and
misappropriation of public fund and property by the accounting officers and
chief executives in the public sector/ service passes a question as to whether
auditing plays any role towards ensuring proper accountability in the public
service especially the state government and particularly the ministry of
finance and economic development.
Auditing is to control, deter and
find out any fraud or misappropriation of public fund or property by officers
entrusted with such duties.
It is because of this onerous task
that the Enugu state audit department was established to appraise the work of
those entrusted with responsibility of accountability.
Government undertakes various
transactions through its representatives or agencies and as such, they are
required by law to give account of their stewardship. To achieve these
purposes, the constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria provides a law
established audit department both at the Federal and State levels. Section 125
(1) of the 1999 constitution provides that there shall be an Audit General for
the federation and for each state of the federation who shall be appointed in
accordance with the provision of section 126 of this constitution. The
sub-section (2) of this section provides that the public accounts of a state
and all offices, ministries, parastatals, and the courts of the state shall be
audited by the auditor-general for the state who shall submit his reports to
the House of Assembly of the state concerned. Therefore the auditor general or
any person authorized by him in that behalf shall have access to all the books,
records, returns, and other documents relating to those accounts. The
sub-section (2) (3) of this constitution shall be constrained as authorizing
the auditor-general to auditor-general to audit the accounts of or appoint
auditor for government statutory corporations, commissions authorities,
agencies, including all persons and bodies established by law but the auditor
general shall, (a) provide such bodies with,
(i) A list of auditors qualified to be
appointed by them as external auditors and from which the bodies shall appoint
their external auditors and;
(ii) A guideline on the level of dues to be
paid to the external auditors and;
(iii) Comments on their annual accounts and
auditor’s report there on. The sub-section (4) of this constitution also states
that the auditor-general for the state shall have power to conduct a periodic
check of all government statutory corporations,
Commission, authorities, agencies,
including all persons and bodies established by a law of the House of Assembly
of the state.
Inspite of all these provisions and
safeguards, there is always an increased rate of fraud and misappropriation of
public funds and parties by those entrusted with their safeguards. In view of
the foregoing, this study is aimed at appraising the functions of the Enugu
state audit department, problem affecting its efficiencies performance, and suggested
solutions to enhance its effectiveness.
The researcher aims to examine the
major cause of fraud or misappropriation of public funds in the state public
service and offer useful suggestions to arrest the ugly situation. This study
will also be of immense important for it will appraise the performance of the
Enugu state audit department and assess the extent it has been able to achieve
its objectives. The researcher will in addition offer valuable solutions on how
to achieve accountability in the state public service.
The origin of audit department is as
old as Nigeria. The present Enugu state audit department had its root from the
colonial administrations. During colonial administration, there was one audit
in the federation known as the colonial audit. The colonial masters have their
representatives in Nigeria. These representatives were responsible and report
to the Queen of England. The country was divided into four Regions as follows:
Northern Region, Southern Region, Eastern Region and Western Region. Each of
the regions had its own audit department but reports under the control of the
colonial administration. This gives rise to regional audits.
Section 61 (1) of the Eastern Nigeria
1958, constitution states, and “There shall be a director of audit for the
region whose office shall be an office in the public services of the region. In
1976 there was a further creation of states in the country and it was then that
Anambra state and Imo states was created from the former Eastern central state.
In 1992, the old Anambra state was further divided into Anambra state and the
present Enugu state. Following this, each state now has her own audit
department with a director of Audit or Auditor general of the state. The state
was empowered by section 25 (2) of the 1999 constitution of the Federal
Republic of Nigeria and section 4 (2) of chapter 13 of the audit law to have
its audit department. The internal audit department in the ministry of Finance
and economic development is being leaded by the state auditor-general.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
There has been an entry of poor
accountability in the public service particularly Enugu state civil service of
Nigeria. There has been various radio and television news and the report from
the daily newspapers about fraud, embezzlement of public fund and
misappropriation of public properties. Enugu
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