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THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS IN
INVESTMENT-DECISIONS
Abstract
The research
topic of this study is “The role of financial statement in investment
decisions” – a study of selected banks in Enugu metropolis. The purpose is to
identify the relationship between financial statement and investment decisions,
and the impact of financial statement in investment decision making and also to
know if investment decisions depends solely on financial statement. The study
population is 125 persons who are the member of staff of the five major
selected banks. Using the Yaro Yamani formula, the sample size calculated gave
(95). The formulated hypotheses were tested using Z test with statistical
technique at 5% level of significance. The researcher also made use of primary
methods of data collection which included questionnaires and personal
interviews. Also the secondary methods of data collection used are library
research of relevant materials and existing documents from the selected banks.
The researcher recommends that banks in Enugu metropolis should consult the
financial statement before making investment decisions, and also it is
recommends that all interested parties to financial statement should used
required financial ratio analysis for decision making.
TABLE OF
CONTENT
Approval
page ii
Dedication
iii
Acknowledgement
iv
Abstract vi
CHAPTER ONE:
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Study 1
1.2
Statement of the Problems 3
1.3
Objective of the Study 4
1.4 Research
Questions 5
1.5
Hypotheses of the Study 5
1.6
Significance of the Study 6
1.7 Scope
and Limitation of the Study 6
1.8 Definition
of terms 7
References 9
CHAPTER TWO:
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.0
INTRODUCTION 10
2.1
Historical Development of Business Financial State Analysis
and
Financial Ratios 12
2.2
Accounting Information Tools 14
2.2.1 The
Balance Sheet 15
2.2.2 The
Profit and loss Account (Income Statement) 15
2.2.3
Statement of Accounting Policies 16
2.2.4
Director Report 16
2.2.5 The
value Added Statement 17
2.2.6 The
five year financial summary 17
2.2.7 The
Auditor’s Report 17
2.2.8 Notes
on the Accounts 17
2.2.9 A Cash
Flow Statement 17
2.3
Quantitative Characteristic of Accounting Information 18
10
2.4 Use of
Accounting Information by decision makers 21
2.5
Objective of Accounting Information 22
2.6
Importance of Accounting Information 24
2.7 Users of
Accounting Information and their Objective 25
2.8
Financial Ratio Analysis 27
References
36
CHAPTER
THREE: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research
Design 37
3.2 Sources
of Data 37
3.3 Research
Instruments 38
3.4
Reliability / Validity of research Instrument 39
3.5
Population of Study 39
3.6 Sample
and Sampling Technique 40
3.7
Administration of Research Instruments 44
3.8 Method
of Data Analysis 45
3.9 Decision
Criterion for Validation of hypothesis 46
References
47
CHAPTER
FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Data
Presentation 48
4.2 Data
Analysis 49
CHAPTER
FIVE: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary
of Findings 74
5.2
Conclusion 75
5.3
Recommendations 77
Bibliography
79
Appendices
81
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Every
business prepares profit and loss Account or income statement to ascertain the
net result of financial working of the business whether it has earned some
income or profit or sustained any loss. It also prepare balance sheet to find
out the financial position of the business. Profit and loss account or income
statement, retained earnings statement and balance sheet are known as financial
statements.
Gautam
(2005) sees financial statement as financial information which is the
information relating to the financial position of any firm; when presented in a
concise and capsule form. Besides profit and loss account and balance sheet,
some other statements are also prepared for deriving certain conclusions. A
schedule of current assets and current liabilities of two years may be prepared
to know the changes in working capital. Similarly a fund flow statement and
cash flow statement may also be prepared to ascertain the future estimate of
cash receipt and payment. Thus, financial statement include: profit and loss
Account, income statement and balance sheet along with certain schedules and
statement.
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