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IMPACT OF MASS MEDIA ON UNIVERSAL
BASIC EDUCATION
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background to the Study
Mass media
is regarded as the eye and hear of the people. The mass media which comprise of
newspaper, television and radio as well as magazine help the populace to be
aware of the various events near and far away.
The media is
inseparable with the society because of the numerous roles they play in our
society.
The mass
media are very powerful socializing agents. The media which mainly newspaper,
magazine as well as radio and television reach large heterogeneous and widely
dispersed audiences. It is axiomatic
that the mass media can reach million of people over huge areas very quickly
even from the other side of the world by spreading news, information,
entertainment and propaganda, persuade us to buy certain things or to change
over opinion on various matters.
Indeed mass
media represent a powerful tool socializing. Mass media through their different
programme increased the level of literacy in society by provide educative programme
for the people especially radio and television provide educative programmes
that teach. The media do not only transmit information and messages but also
provide visual oriented (Picture) of government activities like Universal Basic
Education programme e. t. c. The government and other organization use the mass
media to communicate with the public. The mass media do not only teach, publish
and transmit news on events they provide opportunity for the people to express
their feelings about any credibility, accountability of government or show
their grievances to any government actions.
The media
equally teach the individual or public the norms and values of society
reinforces norms and values. The media are therefore useful as political
instruments of socialization. The activities of major newspaper, magazine,
radio, television have further stipulated that the survival of any social
system in a country depends largely on mass media.
Functions of Mass Media
Harold
Lasswell {1984} lists four different roles which mass media perform: They are
Entertainment Function
Informative Function
Correlation of the Environment
Transmission of Cultural Heritage
On the other
hand, Universal Basic Education (UBE) Programme is an educational programme
aimed at eradicating illiteracy, ignorance and poverty. It is in compliance
with the Declaration of the World Conference on Education for All (WCEFA) which
was made in Jomtien, Thailand in 1990, and Bating clearly in Article 1 that
every person – child, Youth on Adult – shall be able to benefit from
educational opportunities designed to meet their basic needs. This declaration
was reaffirmed at the World Summit for Children held in 1990, which stated that
all children should have access to basic education by the year 2000. The World
Summit for Children placed a lot of emphasis on raising the levels of female
literacy. In a bid to achieve education goals, the Dakar World Education Forum
was held as a follow-up meeting to the WCEFA where new sets of goals were set
to be attained by the year 2015. The goals include: 1. Expanding and improving
comprehensive early childhood care and education, especially for the most
vulnerable and disadvantaged children.
According to
the Universal Basic Education Commission Bulletin (UBEC) (2004), the objectives
of the programme, among others, include: Developing in the entire citizenry a
strong consciousness for education and a strong commitment to its vigorous
promotion; The provision of free, universal basic education for every Nigerian
child of school-going age; reducing drastically the incidence of drop-outs from
the formal school system (through improved relevance, quality and efficiency);
and ensuring the acquisition of appropriate levels of literacy, numeracy,
manipulative, communicative and life skills, as well as ethical, moral and
civic values needed for laying a solid foundation for life-long learning.
Universal
Basic’ Education (UBE) was formally launched by President Olusegun Obasanjo on
30th September 1999. The UBE programme is intended to be universal, free and
compulsory. According to the implementation guidelines for the Universal Basic
Education programme published by the Federal Ministry of Education Abuja, in
February. 2000, due attention would be given to public enlightenment and social
mobilization.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Basically,
this research focuses its attention on the role of mass media on Universal
Basic Education programme. It is believed that mass media, being a powerful
tool of socialization has the ability to set agents for the public and reach
wider audience. Mass media is a platform to teach both moral and social
lessons. But today it seems that educational role of mass media is fading off
as media managements are now using the time and space dedicated for education
programmes on air to fill political programmes and advertisement especially now
that government is demanding media to generate certain percentage of money to
run the media activities.
As a result
of the above fact, this work examines whether mass media is actually able to
perform its role in educational development or not. and due to inability to
study all mass media in Nigeria, Ede North Local Government is the case study.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
i. To examine the impact of mass media
promotion of educational programme
ii. To know the contribution of mass media
to Universal Basic Education Programme
iii To
study whether mass media educate and enlighten the people of Ede North local
government on Universal Basic
Education
programmes and activities
iv. To know if Ede North local government
people aware of Universal Basic e
ducation Programme
v. To examine mass media enlightenment
programme on Universal Basic education improve the programme in Ede
North local
government
1.4 Research Questions
i. Does mass media promote educational
programme?
ii. In what way has mass media contributed
to Universal Basic Education?
iii To what extent do mass media educate and
enlighten the people of Ede North
local government on Universal
Basic Education programmes and
activities?
iv. What is the level of awareness of the
people of Ede North local government
on universal basic educate programmes?
v. In what ways has mass media
enlightenment programme on Universal Basic education improve the programme in Ede
North local government?
1.5 Significance of the Study
The
objective of the study is to examine and analysis the impact of television in
education development.
Media
Practitioners: The work will benefit mass outfits and media practitioners on
the need to include in their day to day activities some of the programmes that
can promote and improve education such as quiz, debate, brain test e. t. c.
Researchers: Future researchers would
as well benefit from this work as it will complement their research effort.
Schools and
Government: Schools and government will
also see the importance of mass media in
achieving their objectives.
1.6 Scope of the Study
The study
shall be limited in scope to Ede North local government area of Osun state since
it is difficult to study all the 774 local governments in Nigeria due to time,
geographical nature and other logistics.
1.7 Limitations to the Study
Wide
research of this nature cannot be carried out without some constraints; this
constraint pose a lot of limitations to this work.
Time:
Duration for the research work is relatively short.
Academic
Activities: Stress emanated from other academic activities is also another
constraint.
Material:
Little materials are also available because the work is relatively new.
Money:
Financial constrain poses another challenges especially in traveling to Ede
North council area.
18 Definition of Terms
Impact: It
is synonymous to function, impact, effect of something.
Mass Media:
The term refers to media of communication which transmit to a wider and larger
audience usually residing in different geographical locations. The media
include radio, television, newspaper, magazine e. t. c
Education :
This is a process of being literate about something by receiving intellectual or moral
instructions
Development:
It is synonymous to improvement, it is a way of moving something small, weak to
a bigger, lager or better one.
UBE:
Universal Basic Education
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