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THE EFFICIENCY AND
EFFECTIVENESS OF SECURITY IN NIGERIA PORTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
Nigeria is indeed one of the greatest maritime nations of the
world; this is confirmed by both the local maritime operators and foreign maritime
operators. Ports are supposed to be security zones and policed as such to
prevents crimes mainly theft, smuggling among sabotage attacks, stowaway.
In olden days, theft as merely limited to petty pilferage and
broaching of cartons by Dockers only tilling their pockets that would neither
attract attention nor cause appreciable loss to the cargo consignee. The crime
latter escalated to piracy onboard vessels at anchorage. Crews were violently
robbed and cargo stolen, with some measure of success in checking piracy at
anchorage, attention shifted to the ports proper.
There are many security agents both conventiona1l recognized
law enforcement agents and the fadeless ones purporting to be government
officials seeing to the general security of our ports These notwithstanding the
ports are being easily accessible to a multitude of hoodlums now popularly
known as “what rats” and syndicates of other malefactors actors who have made
the ports their homes.
They vandalize the lighting system to enable them carry out
their natural and notorious activities.
Any degree of crimes can now be perpetrated by these hoodlums
acting in cohorts with some of the security agents, and port official.
Crewmembers going ashore are sometimes violently attacked and robbed within and
outside the ports.
Clearing of cargoes is a process which the shippers, freight
forwarded and consignees thinks is as difficult as the head of the camel having
to pass through the eye of1the needle The customs long room is being made too
“long” for clearing agents Problems with all department involved in the
clearing start from the usual indifferences to work, the officials thinking
that they are doing the agents favour The agents must “co-operate” with the
officials, otherwise their entries will either be unnecessarily delayed further
or completely lost in the labyrinth of bureaucracy Having survived the voracity
these official and the goods released the clearing agent face the cast ordeal
of having to “settle” all other security agents and officials even with
authentic release documents Some of the security men still go outside the ports
to intercept and tort the consignee for “settlement” Coupled with factors like
high port tariffs, port insecurity is now causing Nigerian ports serious loss
of clientele to neighbouring ports. Lome and Cotonou for example, although in
charter parties and ordinary contracts of affreightment where carriage of goods
by sea Act 1971 does no apply to the operating bills of lading. Ship owners can
exclude liability for loss of or damage to cargo arising from piratical acts
generally the Act (COGSA “71”) does not provide such that Nigeria has joined
the club of port stigmatized as dangerous in insurance circle. Consequently,
ship owners and shippers pays higher premiums for ships and cargoes, a burden
that is ultimately passed to the public consumers.
If Nigeria must grow both politically and economically, there
are needs for an efficient and effective security system for safety of cargoes
id ship including the crews. There should be both the activities of the
appropriate authority and the private sectors to ensure that security at the
port be maintained.
1.2 Statement of the problem
Cargo theft has grown from breaking any types of package
within the ports to complete disappearance of container out of the ports.
Cargos are being successfully cleared from the port by
spurious owners. Ships are boarded by unauthorized persons who steal both
cargoes and ship property incuding those relate to safety. What a criminal act!
Vehicular cargoes are more vulnerable to plunderage because of the attention
they attract. They are loaded with some goods that are not made parks where
they normally await clearing. They are securely locked and then keys are handed
to security officials for safety. But most of these vehicles with or without
undeclared goods are mysteriously opened and their valuable parts are stolen
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
The purpose of this study includes:
1. To highlight the
importance of security agents in ports.
2. To evaluate the
performances of security agents in ports
3. To focus
attention on factors influencing the efficiency and effectiveness of security
agents in Nigeria ports.
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