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ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
AND PERFORMANCE OF SMALL BUSINESS ENTERPRISE
CHAPTER ONE
BACKGROUND OF STUDY
There is controversy that small and medium scale business in
any country where they operate play important role in the economic growth and
development of that country or nation and it improves the quality of life of
individuals (Ohanemu, 2006).
Business organizations anywhere in the world operates within
environments which according to Adidu & Olanye (2006) is an aggregate of
all conditions, events, circumstances and influences that surround and effect
the business organization.
In management, the term “Environment” does not necessarily
mean physical surroundings but, it is used as a total forces, factors and
influences that surround and affect business organizations as a separate entity
as well as other business organizations. This means that business organizations
must interact with those forces that influence its decisions, directions,
actions, size, health, profitability and performance of the organization as a
whole.
Ukaegbu (2004) stated that the contemporary environment is
becoming dynamic and competitive and since business organizations do not
operate in vacuum, they affect and are affected by environment conditions.
Therefore, business organizations irrespective of their objectives must take
into consideration, these environmental opportunities and constraints.
Businesses affect the environment by providing the required goods and services
thereby contributing to the development of the business by presenting
opportunities and threats. One thing to be emphasized at this point is that,
the extent to which managers could identify, evaluate and react to the
environmental forces will have considerable impact on organizational
performances.
Kuye, (2004), emphasized that the need to study business
environments is very important considering the fact that business organizations
do not operate in vacuum and an effective management in complex and dynamic
society requires the assessment of strengths and weaknesses of the organization
and the opportunities and threats provided by the challenges of the external
environment, hence for survival and growth, organizations must cope and adopt
to these challenges posed by the ever changing environment (internal &
external) in which managers operate means that mangers must not only be aware
of what constitutes the elements of their business environment but also should
be able to respond to the forces of the environment which inevitably impinges
on the operations of the business organization.
Ukaegbu (2006) further stated that the relationship between a
business organization and its host environment can be examined from three
strategic ways;
Firstly, the organization can be viewed as importing various
kinds of inputs (resources), such as human resources, capital, managerial and
technical inputs. These inputs are then transformed to provoke output which
takes the form of goods and services. A second approach is the study of the
relationship between the organization and the society. It focuses on the
demands and legitimate rights of different claimants such as employees,
consumers, suppliers, stakeholders, government and the community. A third
approach is to view the organization as operating in an external environment of
opportunities and constraints. Thus no single approach is sufficient for all
times and in all circumstances. They are complementary. The elements external
to the organization affects its performance as well as those elements within
the organizations.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM
The effects of environment on organizational performance vary
from one situation to another. The environment suitable for the growth of a
particular business may be hostile to the survival of another business. The
problems that necessitated this research are as follows:
Assess impact of environmental factors that has the
performance of small scale enterprises in Oshimili North Local Government Area
The ability to identify, evaluate and react to the challenges
are critical to organizational performance.
Therefore, this study seeks to investigate the impact of
business environment on organizational performance of small scale business in
Oshimili North Local Government Area.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE
STUDY
The purpose of the study is to assess the extent to which
environmental factor affects the performance of small business enterprises,
evaluate it, determine its success and failure and discuss its likely effects
on organizational survival and growth. The other objectives this research seeks
to achieve are:
To determine the extent to which environmental factors affect
organizational growth and survival of small scale business.
To determine the relationship existing between small scale
business and its operating environments.
To determine the challenges facing small scale businesses
within Oshilimi North Local Government Area.
To examine how small scale business manage these
environmental factors.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
In order to arrive at a precise answer to the effect of
environmental factors on the performance of small scale businesses, the
following research questions shall be tested;
i To what extent
do environmental factors affect growth and survival of small scale businesses.
ii. Is there a
relationship existing between small scale business and its operating
environment.
iii. What are the
challenges facing small businesses within Oshimili South Local Government
Areas.
iv. How do small
scale businesses manage these environmental factors?
What are the available incentives provided by the government
to support small scale businesses?
1.5 RESEARCH
HYPOTHESIS
The following formulated hypothesis would be tested in order
to help provide answers to the research questions;
H0: There is no significant relationship between external
environment factors and performance of small scale business.
H1: There is
significant relationship between external environment factors and performance
of small scale business.
H0: There is no
significant relationship between increased productivity of small business and
socio-cultural factors within the business environment where it operates.
H1: There is
significant relationship between increased productivity of small business and
socio-cultural factors within the business environment where it operates.
H0: There is no
significant relationship between the fiscal incentives provided by the
government, and enhanced performance of small business.
H1: There is
significant relationship between the fiscal incentives provided by the
government, and enhanced performance of small business.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF
THE STUDY
This study will be highly useful after its completion for
both current and future entrepreneurs, business organizations and the
government. This research study on the effects of environment factors on
performance of small scale business in Oshimili North Local Government Area
would have considerable benefits on the small scale business operating within
this business environment in that it would;
Help these businesses become sensitive to the uncontrollable
external environmental factors impinging on the performance of their businesses
and how they can effectively manage these factors and top the opportunities for
enhanced productivity and profitability.
To an entrepreneur: The knowledge obtained from this study
will enable them to know how critical environmental factors are and how to
effectively manage these factors for the survival and growth of small scale
businesses.
To organizations and the society: The study will equally be
useful to organization and the society at large in the sense that knowledge
about technological advancement generation through small scale business source
of credit facilities to establish small business will be acquired.
To the Government:
This research will also be useful to the government in the formulation
of policies towards small scale enterprises development in Nigeria. It will
also help the government to identify the importance of small scale enterprises
in the achievement of economic growth and development in Nigeria.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study covers environmental factors and its effects on
the performance of small scale businesses in Oshimili North Local Government
Area. The study basically focused on the challenges of these businesses
managing the dynamic nature of their business environment in achieving
organizational performance.
1.8 LIMITATIONS OF THE
STUDY
However, there were some constraints that impinged on the
research, these are;
Financial constraint:
The cost of sourcing information and administering questions was quite
on the high side, which included visiting various small businesses in the
various towns that made up the local government.
The limited time frame given to achieve the research was also
a constraint to the study.
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