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FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERN,
ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICES AND MICRONUTRIENT STATUS OF CHILDREN AGED
ABSTRACT
The study
was undertaken to assess food consumption pattern, anthropometric and
micronutrient
status of
children aged 6-59 months in Kaduna state. A cross sectional survey design was
used. A
multi stage
sampling technique was used to select the subjects for the study. In the first
stage, two
Local
Government Areas were selected from each of the three senatorial districts
using simple
random
sampling procedure. This gave a total of 6 Local Government Areas. In the
second stage,
purposive
sampling was used in selecting two communities from each of the local
government
areas (a
total of 12 communities). At the third stage, the subjects (420) aged 6 – 59
months were
randomly
selected for the study using proportionate sampling technique while 20% sub-
sample
was selected
for biochemical analysis. Anthropometric information was determined using age,
height and
weight of the children. Haemoglobin (Hb) was used to determine anemia, serum
retinol
was used to
determine vitamin A status and also iodine was determined using urinary iodine
excretion
level (UIE). Anemia was defined as Hb < 11.0mg/dl, Vitamin A deficiency was
defined
was defined
as reading ≤ 10g/dl and marginal deficiency <20g/dl. Urinary iodine
excretion (UIE)
is defined
as a reading <10mcg/dl. Socio-economic information and feeding practices
were
determined
using questionnaire.
The
questionnaire was pretested and reliability index of 0.9 was obtained using
Cronbach alpha. Dietary intake was determined using a combination of food
frequency questionnaire and 24hour food recall. In determining the major
staples in the area of
study, the
result showed that maize was the most frequent staple and rice (cereals) the
least
consumed in
Kaduna State. Anthropometric results of the children showed high prevalence of
different
categories of malnutrition, 76.4% were too thin for their age (underweight),
70% were
too short
for their age (stunted) while (47.6)% were too thin for their height
(wasted).Biochemical
results ,
revealed high prevalence of anaemia (53.6%) urinary iodine execration (29.2%)
and
vitamin A as
low as( 3.6%) of the children were deficient. Correlation between
anthropometric,
biochemical
status and socioeconomic information revealed height-for-age of the children
and
their weight-for-age
was highly significant (r = 0.666; P<0.001). The following variables also
showed
significant relationship: Iodine status with height – for – age was significant
(r =0.353; P <
0.05). There
was a significant (r = 0.664; P < 0.01) relationship between weight – for-
height and
weight- for
–age. Iodine and weight- for- age was significant ( r =0.308; P < 0.005).
Hemoglobin
correlated
with iodine (r = 0.226; P < 0.05).
There was a
significant(r =0.333; P < 0.02) relationship between Vitamin A and iodine.
Vitamin A and hemoglobin was highly significant (r = 0.460; P < 0.01).Family
income and weight- for -age was significant(r = 0.247; P< 0.05). There were
more correlated values that were significant, fathers occupation with family
income( r = 0.252; P<0.005), mother’s occupation with family income( r =
0.262; P < 0.005), fathers education with family income ( r =
0.340;P<0.005) and mothers occupation with fathers occupation (r
=0.397;P<0.001).Equally fathers occupation and mothers education was significant(r=0.371;P<
0.005) and fathers education with mothers education (r =0.230;P<
0.005).These results were as a result of faulty feeding practices especially
over-dependence on a particular crop(monotonous diets fed to the children) and
low socio-economic status of the parents. The study established that there is
malnutrition in under five children in Kaduna.
TABLE OF
CONTENT:
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Research Problem
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Research Hypothesis
1.7 Conceptual and Operational Definition
1.8 Assumptions
1.9 Limitations of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE
REVIEW
2.1 Sources of Literature
2.2 The Review
2.3 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER
THREE
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Research Sample
3.4 Measuring Instrument
3.5 Data Collection
3.6 Data Analysis
3.7 Expected Result
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA
ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.1 Data Analysis
4.2 Results
4.3 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations for Further Study
References
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