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THE
ROLE OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS IN INVESTMENT DECISIONS
ABSTRACT
The research topic of
this study is “The role of financial statement in investment decisions” – a
study of selected banks in Enugu metropolis. The purpose is to identify the
relationship between financial statement and investment decisions, and the
impact of financial statement in investment decision making and also to know if
investment decisions depends solely on financial statement. The study
population is 125 persons who are the member of staff of the five major
selected banks. Using the Yaro Yamani formula, the sample size calculated gave
(95). The formulated hypotheses were tested using Z test with statistical
technique at 5% level of significance. The researcher also made use of primary
methods of data collection which included questionnaires and personal
interviews. Also the secondary methods of data collection used are library
research of relevant materials and existing documents from the selected banks.
The researcher recommends that banks in Enugu metropolis should consult the
financial statement before making investment decisions, and also it is
recommends that all interested parties to financial statement should used
required financial ratio analysis for decision making.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Approval page ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract vi
CHAPTER ONE:
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the
Study 1
1.2 Statement of the
Problems 3
1.3 Objective of the
Study 4
1.4 Research
Questions 5
1.5 Hypotheses of the
Study 5
1.6 Significance of
the Study 6
1.7 Scope and
Limitation of the Study 6
1.8 Definition of
terms 7
References 9
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW
OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.0 INTRODUCTION 10
2.1 Historical
Development of Business Financial State Analysis
and Financial Ratios
12
2.2 Accounting
Information Tools 14
2.2.1 The Balance
Sheet 15
2.2.2 The Profit and
loss Account (Income Statement) 15
2.2.3 Statement of
Accounting Policies 16
2.2.4 Director Report
16
2.2.5 The value Added
Statement 17
2.2.6 The five year
financial summary 17
2.2.7 The Auditor’s
Report 17
2.2.8 Notes on the
Accounts 17
2.2.9 A Cash Flow
Statement 17
2.3 Quantitative
Characteristic of Accounting Information 18
10
2.4 Use of Accounting
Information by decision makers 21
2.5 Objective of
Accounting Information 22
2.6 Importance of
Accounting Information 24
2.7 Users of
Accounting Information and their Objective 25
2.8 Financial Ratio
Analysis 27
References 36
CHAPTER THREE:
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design
37
3.2 Sources of Data
37
3.3 Research
Instruments 38
3.4 Reliability /
Validity of research Instrument 39
3.5 Population of
Study 39
3.6 Sample and
Sampling Technique 40
3.7 Administration of
Research Instruments 44
3.8 Method of Data
Analysis 45
3.9 Decision
Criterion for Validation of hypothesis 46
References 47
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Data Presentation
48
4.2 Data Analysis 49
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY
OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary of
Findings 74
5.2 Conclusion 75
5.3 Recommendations
77
Bibliography 79
Appendices 81
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE
STUDY
Every business
prepares profit and loss Account or income statement to ascertain the net
result of financial working of the business whether it has earned some income
or profit or sustained any loss. It also prepare balance sheet to find out the
financial position of the business. Profit and loss account or income
statement, retained earnings statement and balance sheet are known as financial
statements.
Gautam (2005) sees financial
statement as financial information which is the information relating to the
financial position of any firm; when presented in a concise and capsule form.
Besides profit and loss account and balance sheet, some other statements are
also prepared for deriving certain conclusions. A schedule of current assets
and current liabilities of two years may be prepared to know the changes in
working capital. Similarly a fund flow statement and cash flow statement may
also be prepared to ascertain the future estimate of cash receipt and payment.
Thus, financial statement include: profit and loss Account, income statement
and balance sheet along with certain schedules and statement.
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