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A
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EXPENDITURE CONTROL METHODS IN GOVERNMENT
ABSTRACT
This research work on A Comparative Study of
Expenditure Controls method in Government and private Hospitals is aimed at
studying and analysing the different methods of expenditure control that is
being adopted by these hospitals, their practical application and their level
of effectiveness. It is aimed at carrying out a comparative analysis of two
hospitals. To achieve the aim of this research, secondary data through
textbooks and journals were used to review some of the related literatures.
Equally, questionnaires, interview and observation, which sought to find out
facts needed for analysing, were used.
The questionnaires
were analyzed by simple percentages while hypothesis were tested using
chi-square statistics. The findings of the analysis indicate among others that
the method of expenditure control used by both hospitals are not the same; The
daily control method for private hospitals and the vote card method for
Government Hospitals. The different methods of expenditure control used by the
two hospitals are effective, but with slight loopholes associated with vote
card method. I recommend among others that both hospitals should adhere
strictly to authorization procedure for drug purchased and materials purchases.
Both hospitals should exhibit high degree of cash management and employ
competent personnel for proper and efficient expenditure control.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Approval page ii
Certification page
iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgement v
Abstract vii
Chapter One
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Background Of The
Study 1
1.2 Statement Of the
Problem 4
1.3 Objectives Of The
Study 6
1.4 Research
Questions 6
1.5 Formulation Of
Hypotheses 7
1.6 Significance Of
The Study 8
1.7 Scope Of The
Study 9
1.8 Limitations Of
The Study 9
1.9 Definitions Of
Terms 10
Chapter Two
2.0 Review Of Related
Literature 12
2.1 Introduction 12
2.2 Overview Of
Expenditure Control 12
2.3 The Expenditure
Control Methods 14
2.4 Internal Auditing
Overview 19
2.5 Management Audit
25
2.6 Cost Benefit
Analysis 27
2.7 Quantitative
Models For Expenditure Control 28
2.8 Items Related To
the Income Generated In A Hospital 32
2.9 Items Related To
The Expenditure Of A Hospital 36
2.10 The Expenditure
Control Method That Are In Application 37
2.11 Vote Card Method
of Expenditure Control 42
Chapter Three
Research design and
Methodology
3.0 Introduction 45
3.1 Sources of Data
46
3.2 Research
Instrument 47
3.3 Reliability and
Validity of Research Instrument. 48
3.4 Population 49
3.5 Sample
Size/Technique 50
3.6 Administration Of
Research Instrument 52
3.7 Method Of Data
Analysis 52
3.8 Decision
Criterion For Validation Of Hypotheses 53
Chapter Four
4.0 Data Presentation
and Analysis 54
4.1 Data
Analysis/Presentation 54
4.2 Testing Of
Hypotheses 67
4.3 Discussion of
Findings 75
Chapter Five
5.0 Summary of
findings, Conclusion and Recommendations 78
5.1 Summary of
findings 78
5.2 Conclusion 79
5.3 Recommendation s
79
Bibliography 82
Appendix 1 85
Appendix 2 86
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE
STUDY
Expenditure control
or cost control is part of management control process, in every organisation.
This process is very
important to any organisation be it profit making organisation or non-profit
making organisation. Thus, lack of this practice in any organisation will cause
misapplication of cash in cash disbursement process and this will create a very
big problem leading the organisation into deficit and at an extreme case, the
organisation might wind up. Many researches have been conducted in the reason
for winding up of companies and organisation in which lack of expenditure
control process had found responsible.
Expenditure control
has been defined as the process by which managers utilize effectively and
efficiently, the scarce,
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